Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor Data

Maritime transportation plays a critical role in global containerized cargo logistics, with seaports serving as key nodes in this system. Ports are responsible for container loading and unloading, along with inspection, storage, and timely delivery to the destination, all of which heavily depend on...

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Main Authors: Sheraz Aslam, Alejandro Navarro, Andreas Aristotelous, Eduardo Garro Crevillen, Alvaro Martınez-Romero, Álvaro Martínez-Ceballos, Alessandro Cassera, Kyriacos Orphanides, Herodotos Herodotou, Michalis P. Michaelides
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3923
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author Sheraz Aslam
Alejandro Navarro
Andreas Aristotelous
Eduardo Garro Crevillen
Alvaro Martınez-Romero
Álvaro Martínez-Ceballos
Alessandro Cassera
Kyriacos Orphanides
Herodotos Herodotou
Michalis P. Michaelides
author_facet Sheraz Aslam
Alejandro Navarro
Andreas Aristotelous
Eduardo Garro Crevillen
Alvaro Martınez-Romero
Álvaro Martínez-Ceballos
Alessandro Cassera
Kyriacos Orphanides
Herodotos Herodotou
Michalis P. Michaelides
author_sort Sheraz Aslam
collection DOAJ
description Maritime transportation plays a critical role in global containerized cargo logistics, with seaports serving as key nodes in this system. Ports are responsible for container loading and unloading, along with inspection, storage, and timely delivery to the destination, all of which heavily depend on the performance of the container handling equipment (CHE). Inefficient maintenance strategies and unplanned maintenance of the port equipment can lead to operational disruptions, including unexpected delays and long waiting times in the supply chain. Therefore, the maritime industry must adopt intelligent maintenance strategies at the port to optimize operational efficiency and resource utilization. Towards this end, this study presents a machine learning (ML)-based approach for predicting faults in CHE to improve equipment reliability and overall port performance. Firstly, a statistical model was developed to check the status and health of the hydraulic system, as it is crucial for the operation of the machines. Then, several ML models were developed, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), decision trees (DTs), random forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) to predict inverter over-temperature faults due to fan failures, clogged filters, and other related issues. From the tested models, the ANNs achieved the highest performance in predicting the specific faults with a 98.7% accuracy and 98.0% F1-score.
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spelling doaj-art-5e64fd1be3314e97b1b2baa1d532b7762025-08-20T03:17:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012513392310.3390/s25133923Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor DataSheraz Aslam0Alejandro Navarro1Andreas Aristotelous2Eduardo Garro Crevillen3Alvaro Martınez-Romero4Álvaro Martínez-Ceballos5Alessandro Cassera6Kyriacos Orphanides7Herodotos Herodotou8Michalis P. Michaelides9Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusProdevelop S.L, 46001 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusProdevelop S.L, 46001 Valencia, SpainProdevelop S.L, 46001 Valencia, SpainProdevelop S.L, 46001 Valencia, SpainEurogate Container Terminal Limassol Ltd., Limassol 3045, CyprusEurogate Container Terminal Limassol Ltd., Limassol 3045, CyprusDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusMaritime transportation plays a critical role in global containerized cargo logistics, with seaports serving as key nodes in this system. Ports are responsible for container loading and unloading, along with inspection, storage, and timely delivery to the destination, all of which heavily depend on the performance of the container handling equipment (CHE). Inefficient maintenance strategies and unplanned maintenance of the port equipment can lead to operational disruptions, including unexpected delays and long waiting times in the supply chain. Therefore, the maritime industry must adopt intelligent maintenance strategies at the port to optimize operational efficiency and resource utilization. Towards this end, this study presents a machine learning (ML)-based approach for predicting faults in CHE to improve equipment reliability and overall port performance. Firstly, a statistical model was developed to check the status and health of the hydraulic system, as it is crucial for the operation of the machines. Then, several ML models were developed, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), decision trees (DTs), random forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) to predict inverter over-temperature faults due to fan failures, clogged filters, and other related issues. From the tested models, the ANNs achieved the highest performance in predicting the specific faults with a 98.7% accuracy and 98.0% F1-score.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3923predictive maintenancesmart portsmachine learningIoT
spellingShingle Sheraz Aslam
Alejandro Navarro
Andreas Aristotelous
Eduardo Garro Crevillen
Alvaro Martınez-Romero
Álvaro Martínez-Ceballos
Alessandro Cassera
Kyriacos Orphanides
Herodotos Herodotou
Michalis P. Michaelides
Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor Data
Sensors
predictive maintenance
smart ports
machine learning
IoT
title Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor Data
title_full Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor Data
title_fullStr Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor Data
title_full_unstemmed Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor Data
title_short Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance at Smart Ports Using IoT Sensor Data
title_sort machine learning based predictive maintenance at smart ports using iot sensor data
topic predictive maintenance
smart ports
machine learning
IoT
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3923
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