Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

An early diagnosis is required for intervention in prion disease cases. To elucidate the specificity of early electroencephalography discharges in cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, we analysed epileptiform discharges through electroencephalography. Nine patients with methionine/methionine...

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Main Authors: Taiki Matsubayashi, Hirokazu Natsui, Katsuya Satoh, Tetsuyuki Kitamoto, Takanori Yokota, Nobuo Sanjo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Prion
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19336896.2025.2483215
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author Taiki Matsubayashi
Hirokazu Natsui
Katsuya Satoh
Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
Takanori Yokota
Nobuo Sanjo
author_facet Taiki Matsubayashi
Hirokazu Natsui
Katsuya Satoh
Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
Takanori Yokota
Nobuo Sanjo
author_sort Taiki Matsubayashi
collection DOAJ
description An early diagnosis is required for intervention in prion disease cases. To elucidate the specificity of early electroencephalography discharges in cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, we analysed epileptiform discharges through electroencephalography. Nine patients with methionine/methionine type 1/classic sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and 20 patients with status epilepticus were included. Generalized periodic discharges, lateralized periodic discharges, and central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges were evaluated. Central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges were defined as nonrhythmic and nonperiodic waveforms showing generalized spike-and-wave complexes and/or sharp waves predominantly in the central sagittal region. In the sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease group, central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges, lateralized periodic discharges, and generalized periodic discharges were observed in five (55.6%), one (11.1%), and eight (88.9%) patients, respectively, with an average duration from onset to the appearance of the discharges of 1.6, 1.0, and 2.44 months, respectively. In the status epilepticus group, these discharges were detected in one (5.0%), six (30.0%), and six (30.0%) patients, respectively. The incorporation of central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges and lateralized periodic discharges into the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, alongside generalized periodic discharges, significantly shortened the average lapse from symptom onset to sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease diagnosis (2.06 months vs. 2.44 months; p = 0.02). Central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges emerge as promising biomarkers for distinguishing sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from status epilepticus, and together with lateralized periodic discharges provide an opportunity for early diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
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spelling doaj-art-5e64f6b22c3c4d87a3c728c970f00eb72025-08-20T03:41:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupPrion1933-68961933-690X2025-12-01191172410.1080/19336896.2025.2483215Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseTaiki Matsubayashi0Hirokazu Natsui1Katsuya Satoh2Tetsuyuki Kitamoto3Takanori Yokota4Nobuo Sanjo5Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Institute of Science Tokyo Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Science, Institute of Science Tokyo Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, JapanDepartment of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Science, Institute of Science Tokyo Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Science, Institute of Science Tokyo Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, JapanAn early diagnosis is required for intervention in prion disease cases. To elucidate the specificity of early electroencephalography discharges in cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, we analysed epileptiform discharges through electroencephalography. Nine patients with methionine/methionine type 1/classic sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and 20 patients with status epilepticus were included. Generalized periodic discharges, lateralized periodic discharges, and central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges were evaluated. Central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges were defined as nonrhythmic and nonperiodic waveforms showing generalized spike-and-wave complexes and/or sharp waves predominantly in the central sagittal region. In the sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease group, central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges, lateralized periodic discharges, and generalized periodic discharges were observed in five (55.6%), one (11.1%), and eight (88.9%) patients, respectively, with an average duration from onset to the appearance of the discharges of 1.6, 1.0, and 2.44 months, respectively. In the status epilepticus group, these discharges were detected in one (5.0%), six (30.0%), and six (30.0%) patients, respectively. The incorporation of central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges and lateralized periodic discharges into the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, alongside generalized periodic discharges, significantly shortened the average lapse from symptom onset to sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease diagnosis (2.06 months vs. 2.44 months; p = 0.02). Central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges emerge as promising biomarkers for distinguishing sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from status epilepticus, and together with lateralized periodic discharges provide an opportunity for early diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19336896.2025.2483215Central sagittal sporadic epileptiform dischargeselectroencephalogramlateralized periodic dischargessporadic creutzfeldt–jakob diseasestatus epilepticus
spellingShingle Taiki Matsubayashi
Hirokazu Natsui
Katsuya Satoh
Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
Takanori Yokota
Nobuo Sanjo
Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Prion
Central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges
electroencephalogram
lateralized periodic discharges
sporadic creutzfeldt–jakob disease
status epilepticus
title Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
title_full Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
title_fullStr Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
title_full_unstemmed Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
title_short Specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
title_sort specific early electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of sporadic creutzfeldt jakob disease
topic Central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges
electroencephalogram
lateralized periodic discharges
sporadic creutzfeldt–jakob disease
status epilepticus
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19336896.2025.2483215
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