Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, China

ABSTRACT The North China leopard population in the eastern Loess Plateau, China, is highly fragmented and faces an increased risk of extinction due to habitat loss and environmental change. Therefore, timely research on leopard conservation in the Loess Plateau region can provide scientific guidance...

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Main Authors: Xinyue Wen, Hailong Dou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71150
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author Xinyue Wen
Hailong Dou
author_facet Xinyue Wen
Hailong Dou
author_sort Xinyue Wen
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The North China leopard population in the eastern Loess Plateau, China, is highly fragmented and faces an increased risk of extinction due to habitat loss and environmental change. Therefore, timely research on leopard conservation in the Loess Plateau region can provide scientific guidance for its management and population recovery. To investigate the impacts of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity, we analyzed 129 fecal samples from the eastern foot of the Loess Plateau, China. Using eight pairs of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial ND‐5 gene sequences, we genetically identified 41 individual leopards. Analysis of microsatellite data showed an intermediate level of genetic diversity (PIC = 0.60). Based on the ND‐5 gene sequence, five haplotypes were identified, with a moderate level of genetic diversity (Hd = 0.23, Pi = 0.00048). Inbreeding analyses documented significant population inbreeding pressure. Using VORTEX, we also explored the future development of the population by analyzing the population viability. The results indicated no extinction risk for the leopard population in the next 100 years under current genetic conditions. However, a loss of 22% genetic diversity is expected. These results emphasize the need to strengthen leopard monitoring, mitigate inbreeding, and restore habitat connectivity to preserve genetic diversity.
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spelling doaj-art-5e5dc1861da74d2b8fc19b25d00524292025-08-20T01:48:44ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-03-01153n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71150Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, ChinaXinyue Wen0Hailong Dou1College of Life Science Qufu Normal University Qufu ChinaCollege of Life Science Qufu Normal University Qufu ChinaABSTRACT The North China leopard population in the eastern Loess Plateau, China, is highly fragmented and faces an increased risk of extinction due to habitat loss and environmental change. Therefore, timely research on leopard conservation in the Loess Plateau region can provide scientific guidance for its management and population recovery. To investigate the impacts of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity, we analyzed 129 fecal samples from the eastern foot of the Loess Plateau, China. Using eight pairs of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial ND‐5 gene sequences, we genetically identified 41 individual leopards. Analysis of microsatellite data showed an intermediate level of genetic diversity (PIC = 0.60). Based on the ND‐5 gene sequence, five haplotypes were identified, with a moderate level of genetic diversity (Hd = 0.23, Pi = 0.00048). Inbreeding analyses documented significant population inbreeding pressure. Using VORTEX, we also explored the future development of the population by analyzing the population viability. The results indicated no extinction risk for the leopard population in the next 100 years under current genetic conditions. However, a loss of 22% genetic diversity is expected. These results emphasize the need to strengthen leopard monitoring, mitigate inbreeding, and restore habitat connectivity to preserve genetic diversity.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71150fecal DNAgenetic diversityPanthera pardus japonensispopulation viability analysis
spellingShingle Xinyue Wen
Hailong Dou
Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, China
Ecology and Evolution
fecal DNA
genetic diversity
Panthera pardus japonensis
population viability analysis
title Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, China
title_full Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, China
title_fullStr Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, China
title_full_unstemmed Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, China
title_short Population Genetic Diversity and Viability of the North China Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Eastern Loess Plateau, China
title_sort population genetic diversity and viability of the north china leopard panthera pardus japonensis in the eastern loess plateau china
topic fecal DNA
genetic diversity
Panthera pardus japonensis
population viability analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71150
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