Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvant

Abstract Chemical applications in croplands can be a major source of pesticide exposure to pollinators, including off-target drift. Adjuvants are added to pesticides to improve spray characteristics. The major goal of this study was to identify the possibility of using sodium alginate (SA) as a drif...

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Main Authors: Narayanan Kannan, Yu-Cheng Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10558-1
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author Narayanan Kannan
Yu-Cheng Zhu
author_facet Narayanan Kannan
Yu-Cheng Zhu
author_sort Narayanan Kannan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Chemical applications in croplands can be a major source of pesticide exposure to pollinators, including off-target drift. Adjuvants are added to pesticides to improve spray characteristics. The major goal of this study was to identify the possibility of using sodium alginate (SA) as a drift-reducing pesticide adjuvant that is less/nontoxic to honeybees than polyacrylamide (PAM) an industry standard. The toxicity bioassay experiments were carried out with six- to eight-day-old, caged honeybee workers. Each cage contained 20 honeybees. Caged bees were treated with adjuvant, insecticide, adjuvant + insecticide, and a water only as a control, using a modified Potter Spray Tower. The insecticides imidacloprid and bifenthrin were used at three different concentrations (LC25, LC50, and LC75). Two different concentrations of the adjuvants SA and PAM were tested. The 48-hour mortality results were recorded. Our results indicate noticeable reductions in bee killing when SA is used as an insecticide adjuvant instead of PAM.
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spelling doaj-art-5e58e2f628c2430ea6c1a745aad530ff2025-08-20T03:04:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511810.1038/s41598-025-10558-1Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvantNarayanan Kannan0Yu-Cheng Zhu1USDA-ARS-Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystems Research UnitUSDA-ARS-Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystems Research UnitAbstract Chemical applications in croplands can be a major source of pesticide exposure to pollinators, including off-target drift. Adjuvants are added to pesticides to improve spray characteristics. The major goal of this study was to identify the possibility of using sodium alginate (SA) as a drift-reducing pesticide adjuvant that is less/nontoxic to honeybees than polyacrylamide (PAM) an industry standard. The toxicity bioassay experiments were carried out with six- to eight-day-old, caged honeybee workers. Each cage contained 20 honeybees. Caged bees were treated with adjuvant, insecticide, adjuvant + insecticide, and a water only as a control, using a modified Potter Spray Tower. The insecticides imidacloprid and bifenthrin were used at three different concentrations (LC25, LC50, and LC75). Two different concentrations of the adjuvants SA and PAM were tested. The 48-hour mortality results were recorded. Our results indicate noticeable reductions in bee killing when SA is used as an insecticide adjuvant instead of PAM.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10558-1InsecticideHoneybeeSprayDriftToxicityBioassay
spellingShingle Narayanan Kannan
Yu-Cheng Zhu
Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvant
Scientific Reports
Insecticide
Honeybee
Spray
Drift
Toxicity
Bioassay
title Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvant
title_full Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvant
title_fullStr Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvant
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvant
title_short Investigation of an algae-derived polymer as a pollinator-friendly pesticide adjuvant
title_sort investigation of an algae derived polymer as a pollinator friendly pesticide adjuvant
topic Insecticide
Honeybee
Spray
Drift
Toxicity
Bioassay
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10558-1
work_keys_str_mv AT narayanankannan investigationofanalgaederivedpolymerasapollinatorfriendlypesticideadjuvant
AT yuchengzhu investigationofanalgaederivedpolymerasapollinatorfriendlypesticideadjuvant