The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults

BackgroundWith global population aging, older adults face challenges in obtaining, understanding, and applying health information, which are critical for effective health management. Drawing on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study examines how health information acquisition, understanding, and...

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Main Authors: Hong Li, Li Shi, Ya-Long Xing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1492472/full
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author Hong Li
Hong Li
Li Shi
Ya-Long Xing
author_facet Hong Li
Hong Li
Li Shi
Ya-Long Xing
author_sort Hong Li
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundWith global population aging, older adults face challenges in obtaining, understanding, and applying health information, which are critical for effective health management. Drawing on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study examines how health information acquisition, understanding, and application influence older adults’ health awareness and, in turn, their health outcomes, with health awareness as a mediator.MethodsA structured questionnaire measured three health information behaviors (acquisition, understanding, application), health awareness, and self-reported health outcomes in a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) tested direct and indirect pathways linking these variables.ResultsSEM revealed significant direct effects of health information behaviors on awareness: acquisition (β = 0.88, p < 0.001), understanding (β = 0.83, p < 0.001), and application (β = 0.94, p < 0.001). Health awareness then strongly predicted health outcomes (β = 0.93, p < 0.001). In single-factor mediation models, awareness significantly mediated the effects of acquisition and application on outcomes but not understanding. In the full model, acquisition and application maintained significant paths to awareness (β = 0.88 and 0.94, respectively; p < 0.001), whereas understanding did not (β = 0.05, p = 0.188). Indirect effects via awareness were largest for acquisition (0.58, p < 0.001), followed by understanding (0.53, p < 0.01) and application (0.29, p < 0.001).ConclusionWhile all three information behaviors enhance health awareness, application and acquisition are most influential. Health awareness significantly mediates how acquisition and application translate into improved health outcomes. Public health strategies should therefore emphasize not only access to and comprehension of health information but, critically, its practical application through tailored digital platforms and community education.
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spelling doaj-art-5e577e33e83b4edc98db4b22a7a6bdaf2025-08-20T03:51:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-07-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.14924721492472The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adultsHong Li0Hong Li1Li Shi2Ya-Long Xing3Guangzhou Huashang College, Guangzhou, ChinaFaculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, ChinaGuangzhou Huashang College, Guangzhou, ChinaFaculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, ChinaBackgroundWith global population aging, older adults face challenges in obtaining, understanding, and applying health information, which are critical for effective health management. Drawing on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study examines how health information acquisition, understanding, and application influence older adults’ health awareness and, in turn, their health outcomes, with health awareness as a mediator.MethodsA structured questionnaire measured three health information behaviors (acquisition, understanding, application), health awareness, and self-reported health outcomes in a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) tested direct and indirect pathways linking these variables.ResultsSEM revealed significant direct effects of health information behaviors on awareness: acquisition (β = 0.88, p < 0.001), understanding (β = 0.83, p < 0.001), and application (β = 0.94, p < 0.001). Health awareness then strongly predicted health outcomes (β = 0.93, p < 0.001). In single-factor mediation models, awareness significantly mediated the effects of acquisition and application on outcomes but not understanding. In the full model, acquisition and application maintained significant paths to awareness (β = 0.88 and 0.94, respectively; p < 0.001), whereas understanding did not (β = 0.05, p = 0.188). Indirect effects via awareness were largest for acquisition (0.58, p < 0.001), followed by understanding (0.53, p < 0.01) and application (0.29, p < 0.001).ConclusionWhile all three information behaviors enhance health awareness, application and acquisition are most influential. Health awareness significantly mediates how acquisition and application translate into improved health outcomes. Public health strategies should therefore emphasize not only access to and comprehension of health information but, critically, its practical application through tailored digital platforms and community education.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1492472/fullhealth awarenesshealth information behaviorhealth of the older adultsstructural equation modelhealth belief model
spellingShingle Hong Li
Hong Li
Li Shi
Ya-Long Xing
The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults
Frontiers in Public Health
health awareness
health information behavior
health of the older adults
structural equation model
health belief model
title The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults
title_full The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults
title_fullStr The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults
title_full_unstemmed The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults
title_short The mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults
title_sort mediating role of health awareness in the relationship between health information behavior and health outcomes among the older adults
topic health awareness
health information behavior
health of the older adults
structural equation model
health belief model
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1492472/full
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