Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmon

Abstract Background Pubertal timing is a key life history trait, shaped by ecological pressures to balance reproductive success and survival. Emerging evidence suggests a link between adiposity and early maturation, potentially through hormonal signaling pathways governing puberty timing. The timing...

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Main Authors: Ehsan Pashay Ahi, Jukka-Pekka Verta, Johanna Kurko, Annukka Ruokolainen, Pooja Singh, Paul Vincent Debes, Jaakko Erkinaro, Craig R. Primmer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02398-4
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author Ehsan Pashay Ahi
Jukka-Pekka Verta
Johanna Kurko
Annukka Ruokolainen
Pooja Singh
Paul Vincent Debes
Jaakko Erkinaro
Craig R. Primmer
author_facet Ehsan Pashay Ahi
Jukka-Pekka Verta
Johanna Kurko
Annukka Ruokolainen
Pooja Singh
Paul Vincent Debes
Jaakko Erkinaro
Craig R. Primmer
author_sort Ehsan Pashay Ahi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pubertal timing is a key life history trait, shaped by ecological pressures to balance reproductive success and survival. Emerging evidence suggests a link between adiposity and early maturation, potentially through hormonal signaling pathways governing puberty timing. The timing of sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon has a strong genetic basis in addition to being linked with environmental shifts and lipid reserves. A gene encoding a co-factor of the Hippo pathway, vgll3, is a major determinant of maturation timing in salmon. The Hippo pathway is known for its evolutionary conserved molecular signal role in both sexual maturation and adipogenesis. Results In this study, we tested the expression of Hippo pathway genes in the brain of immature and mature male Atlantic salmon carrying either the early or the late maturation genotype of vgll3. We found increased brain expression of a major Hippo pathway kinase (lats1b) in individuals with early maturation genotypes of vgll3 before maturation development of testes was evident. Moreover, we found components and regulating partners of the Hippo pathway showing differential expression in brain of individuals with early and late vgll3 genotypes prior to maturation. This may suggest a role for the Hippo pathway in central nervous system processes that regulate the preparation for maturation. Conclusions This study characterizes transcriptional changes in components of the Hippo pathway in the brain in relation to vgll3-mediated early maturation in Atlantic salmon, highlighting the potential involvement of this pathway in the central regulation of maturation prior to gonadal development.
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spelling doaj-art-5e52a68f56b84bbd8e3b019f6dfd34dc2025-08-20T03:16:39ZengBMCBMC Ecology and Evolution2730-71822025-05-0125111610.1186/s12862-025-02398-4Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmonEhsan Pashay Ahi0Jukka-Pekka Verta1Johanna Kurko2Annukka Ruokolainen3Pooja Singh4Paul Vincent Debes5Jaakko Erkinaro6Craig R. Primmer7Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord UniversityOrganismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiOrganismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernOrganismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiAbstract Background Pubertal timing is a key life history trait, shaped by ecological pressures to balance reproductive success and survival. Emerging evidence suggests a link between adiposity and early maturation, potentially through hormonal signaling pathways governing puberty timing. The timing of sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon has a strong genetic basis in addition to being linked with environmental shifts and lipid reserves. A gene encoding a co-factor of the Hippo pathway, vgll3, is a major determinant of maturation timing in salmon. The Hippo pathway is known for its evolutionary conserved molecular signal role in both sexual maturation and adipogenesis. Results In this study, we tested the expression of Hippo pathway genes in the brain of immature and mature male Atlantic salmon carrying either the early or the late maturation genotype of vgll3. We found increased brain expression of a major Hippo pathway kinase (lats1b) in individuals with early maturation genotypes of vgll3 before maturation development of testes was evident. Moreover, we found components and regulating partners of the Hippo pathway showing differential expression in brain of individuals with early and late vgll3 genotypes prior to maturation. This may suggest a role for the Hippo pathway in central nervous system processes that regulate the preparation for maturation. Conclusions This study characterizes transcriptional changes in components of the Hippo pathway in the brain in relation to vgll3-mediated early maturation in Atlantic salmon, highlighting the potential involvement of this pathway in the central regulation of maturation prior to gonadal development.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02398-4Gene expressionAtlantic salmonvgll3Hippo pathwayBrainEarly maturation
spellingShingle Ehsan Pashay Ahi
Jukka-Pekka Verta
Johanna Kurko
Annukka Ruokolainen
Pooja Singh
Paul Vincent Debes
Jaakko Erkinaro
Craig R. Primmer
Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmon
BMC Ecology and Evolution
Gene expression
Atlantic salmon
vgll3
Hippo pathway
Brain
Early maturation
title Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmon
title_full Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmon
title_fullStr Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmon
title_full_unstemmed Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmon
title_short Brain-associated alterations of Hippo pathway transcription in early maturing Atlantic salmon
title_sort brain associated alterations of hippo pathway transcription in early maturing atlantic salmon
topic Gene expression
Atlantic salmon
vgll3
Hippo pathway
Brain
Early maturation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02398-4
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