Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation

Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions in indoor positioning systems significantly degrade positioning accuracy. Although Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology is renowned for its high precision in Line-of-Sight (LOS) environments, under NLOS conditions, positioning errors typically exceed 30 cm. To address...

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Main Authors: Shoude Wang, Nur Syazreen Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625000345
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author Shoude Wang
Nur Syazreen Ahmad
author_facet Shoude Wang
Nur Syazreen Ahmad
author_sort Shoude Wang
collection DOAJ
description Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions in indoor positioning systems significantly degrade positioning accuracy. Although Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology is renowned for its high precision in Line-of-Sight (LOS) environments, under NLOS conditions, positioning errors typically exceed 30 cm. To address this issue, we propose a method for identifying and classifying NLOS signals based on Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE). We extract multiple features from the UWB Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and perform correlation analysis using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) to select the most discriminative features via the SVM-RFE algorithm. The classification results are then utilized within an Adaptive Robust Extended Kalman Filter (AREKF) to establish an error model for mitigation. The proposed method was evaluated using both a public dataset from Ghent University and a locally collected dataset. On the public dataset, the SVM-RFE algorithm achieved classification accuracies of 97.6% in the hallway environment and 96.6% in the office environment, outperforming transfer learning (TL) deep neural networks (DNNs) tested on the same dataset. To further validate the robustness of the algorithm, experiments on the locally collected office dataset demonstrated a classification accuracy of 97.2%. In terms of distance measurement error mitigation, the proposed AREKF algorithm reduced errors at the 95th percentile by 70% and 75% in two different environments compared to transfer learning methods on the same public dataset. When tested on the locally collected dataset, the positioning error of the AREKF was significantly lower than that of other mainstream algorithms, highlighting the practical advantages of the proposed method.
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spelling doaj-art-5e4aea33bbdf4cffbd6d1e5f01e67d342025-08-20T02:45:50ZengElsevierEngineering Science and Technology, an International Journal2215-09862025-03-016310197910.1016/j.jestch.2025.101979Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigationShoude Wang0Nur Syazreen Ahmad1Weifang University of Science and Technology, 1299 Jinguang Street, Shouguang, China; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang 14300, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions in indoor positioning systems significantly degrade positioning accuracy. Although Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology is renowned for its high precision in Line-of-Sight (LOS) environments, under NLOS conditions, positioning errors typically exceed 30 cm. To address this issue, we propose a method for identifying and classifying NLOS signals based on Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE). We extract multiple features from the UWB Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and perform correlation analysis using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) to select the most discriminative features via the SVM-RFE algorithm. The classification results are then utilized within an Adaptive Robust Extended Kalman Filter (AREKF) to establish an error model for mitigation. The proposed method was evaluated using both a public dataset from Ghent University and a locally collected dataset. On the public dataset, the SVM-RFE algorithm achieved classification accuracies of 97.6% in the hallway environment and 96.6% in the office environment, outperforming transfer learning (TL) deep neural networks (DNNs) tested on the same dataset. To further validate the robustness of the algorithm, experiments on the locally collected office dataset demonstrated a classification accuracy of 97.2%. In terms of distance measurement error mitigation, the proposed AREKF algorithm reduced errors at the 95th percentile by 70% and 75% in two different environments compared to transfer learning methods on the same public dataset. When tested on the locally collected dataset, the positioning error of the AREKF was significantly lower than that of other mainstream algorithms, highlighting the practical advantages of the proposed method.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625000345Adaptive robust extended Kalman filterIndoor positioningNon-line-of-sightChannel impulse responseUltra-widebandSVM-RFE
spellingShingle Shoude Wang
Nur Syazreen Ahmad
Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
Adaptive robust extended Kalman filter
Indoor positioning
Non-line-of-sight
Channel impulse response
Ultra-wideband
SVM-RFE
title Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation
title_full Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation
title_fullStr Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation
title_full_unstemmed Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation
title_short Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation
title_sort improved uwb based indoor positioning system via nlos classification and error mitigation
topic Adaptive robust extended Kalman filter
Indoor positioning
Non-line-of-sight
Channel impulse response
Ultra-wideband
SVM-RFE
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625000345
work_keys_str_mv AT shoudewang improveduwbbasedindoorpositioningsystemvianlosclassificationanderrormitigation
AT nursyazreenahmad improveduwbbasedindoorpositioningsystemvianlosclassificationanderrormitigation