A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey
Spectroscopic observations of various tracers in nearby galaxies, such as Andromeda (M31), play a crucial role in identifying and classifying individual stellar populations and nebular objects, thereby enhancing our understanding of galactic composition, environment, and dynamics, as well as stellar...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adb038 |
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| author | Pinjian Chen Bingqiu Chen Xuan Fang Haibo Yuan Baisong Zhang Xiangwei Zhang Jiarui Sun Xiaowei Liu |
| author_facet | Pinjian Chen Bingqiu Chen Xuan Fang Haibo Yuan Baisong Zhang Xiangwei Zhang Jiarui Sun Xiaowei Liu |
| author_sort | Pinjian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spectroscopic observations of various tracers in nearby galaxies, such as Andromeda (M31), play a crucial role in identifying and classifying individual stellar populations and nebular objects, thereby enhancing our understanding of galactic composition, environment, and dynamics, as well as stellar evolution. While the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey of M31 has produced extensive data sets, a comprehensive catalog of emission-line nebulae, star clusters, and supergiants is yet to be completed. In this paper, we present a final catalog of 384 emission-line nebulae, 380 star clusters, and 375 supergiants and candidates in M31, as carefully selected and identified from the LAMOST spectroscopic database. These objects were classified using a random forest algorithm, followed by thorough visual examinations of their spectral characteristics, as well as morphologies revealed by archive images. For emission-line nebulae, we measured radial velocities and relative fluxes of emission lines, enabling further classification of planetary nebulae and H ii regions. Additionally, we identified 245 emission-line nebulae in M33. This work lays the data foundation for the study of M31 and offers valuable tracers to investigate M31’s structure and evolution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5e38f8c5c8fd42b798fda21e7595d2ed |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-5e38f8c5c8fd42b798fda21e7595d2ed2025-08-20T02:45:37ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01169317410.3847/1538-3881/adb038A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic SurveyPinjian Chen0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5623-2475Bingqiu Chen1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-4903Xuan Fang2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-2743Haibo Yuan3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-2363Baisong Zhang4https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2888-6317Xiangwei Zhang5https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7432-1390Jiarui Sun6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7169-4642Xiaowei Liu7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-2909Department of Astronomy, Yunnan University , Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; fangx@nao.cas.cn; CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaSouth-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University , Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China ; bchen@ynu.edu.cn, x.liu@ynu.edu.cnSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; fangx@nao.cas.cn; CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People’s Republic of China; Laboratory for Space Research, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China; Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of ChinaSouth-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University , Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China ; bchen@ynu.edu.cn, x.liu@ynu.edu.cnSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; fangx@nao.cas.cn; CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaSouth-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University , Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China ; bchen@ynu.edu.cn, x.liu@ynu.edu.cnSpectroscopic observations of various tracers in nearby galaxies, such as Andromeda (M31), play a crucial role in identifying and classifying individual stellar populations and nebular objects, thereby enhancing our understanding of galactic composition, environment, and dynamics, as well as stellar evolution. While the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey of M31 has produced extensive data sets, a comprehensive catalog of emission-line nebulae, star clusters, and supergiants is yet to be completed. In this paper, we present a final catalog of 384 emission-line nebulae, 380 star clusters, and 375 supergiants and candidates in M31, as carefully selected and identified from the LAMOST spectroscopic database. These objects were classified using a random forest algorithm, followed by thorough visual examinations of their spectral characteristics, as well as morphologies revealed by archive images. For emission-line nebulae, we measured radial velocities and relative fluxes of emission lines, enabling further classification of planetary nebulae and H ii regions. Additionally, we identified 245 emission-line nebulae in M33. This work lays the data foundation for the study of M31 and offers valuable tracers to investigate M31’s structure and evolution.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adb038GalaxiesAndromeda galaxyPlanetary nebulaeH II regionsStar clustersSupergiant stars |
| spellingShingle | Pinjian Chen Bingqiu Chen Xuan Fang Haibo Yuan Baisong Zhang Xiangwei Zhang Jiarui Sun Xiaowei Liu A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey The Astronomical Journal Galaxies Andromeda galaxy Planetary nebulae H II regions Star clusters Supergiant stars |
| title | A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Catalog of Emission-line Nebulae, Star Clusters, and Supergiants in M31 from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey |
| title_sort | comprehensive catalog of emission line nebulae star clusters and supergiants in m31 from the lamost spectroscopic survey |
| topic | Galaxies Andromeda galaxy Planetary nebulae H II regions Star clusters Supergiant stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adb038 |
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