Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen Semen

Infertility is a significant global health concern, and incorporating antioxidants into sperm preparation media is one strategy to enhance sperm quality and decrease infertility rates. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds of red cotton stamen extracts and their effects as anti...

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Main Authors: Jiraporn Laoung-on, Jakree Jitjumnong, Paiwan Sudwan, Nopparuj Outaitaveep, Sakaewan Ounjaijean, Kongsak Boonyapranai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/674
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author Jiraporn Laoung-on
Jakree Jitjumnong
Paiwan Sudwan
Nopparuj Outaitaveep
Sakaewan Ounjaijean
Kongsak Boonyapranai
author_facet Jiraporn Laoung-on
Jakree Jitjumnong
Paiwan Sudwan
Nopparuj Outaitaveep
Sakaewan Ounjaijean
Kongsak Boonyapranai
author_sort Jiraporn Laoung-on
collection DOAJ
description Infertility is a significant global health concern, and incorporating antioxidants into sperm preparation media is one strategy to enhance sperm quality and decrease infertility rates. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds of red cotton stamen extracts and their effects as antioxidants in improving the quality of bull frozen semen. Among the extracts, RCU contained the highest levels of total phenolics, total tannins, and total monomeric anthocyanins along with the strongest ABTS free radical scavenging activity and protein denaturation inhibition. Exposing sperm to FeSO<sub>4</sub>-induced oxidative stress resulted in significantly reduced motility, viability, and normal morphology. However, treatment with RCD, RCU, and RCM improved these parameters. Additionally, the FeSO<sub>4</sub>-induced group showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) compared to the normal control, whereas all red cotton stamen extracts effectively reduced these levels. In conclusion, red cotton stamen extracts, rich in phenolic bioactive compounds, demonstrated strong free radical scavenging capacity and improved sperm motility, viability, and morphology by neutralizing free radicals and enhancing antioxidant defenses. These findings suggest that the red cotton stamen extracts, particularly RCD and RCU, offer benefits for sperm preservation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2306-7381
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Veterinary Sciences
spelling doaj-art-5e2f90fe1dc345cb9dc4c0426ed7e5632025-08-20T03:32:19ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-07-0112767410.3390/vetsci12070674Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen SemenJiraporn Laoung-on0Jakree Jitjumnong1Paiwan Sudwan2Nopparuj Outaitaveep3Sakaewan Ounjaijean4Kongsak Boonyapranai5Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandInfertility is a significant global health concern, and incorporating antioxidants into sperm preparation media is one strategy to enhance sperm quality and decrease infertility rates. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds of red cotton stamen extracts and their effects as antioxidants in improving the quality of bull frozen semen. Among the extracts, RCU contained the highest levels of total phenolics, total tannins, and total monomeric anthocyanins along with the strongest ABTS free radical scavenging activity and protein denaturation inhibition. Exposing sperm to FeSO<sub>4</sub>-induced oxidative stress resulted in significantly reduced motility, viability, and normal morphology. However, treatment with RCD, RCU, and RCM improved these parameters. Additionally, the FeSO<sub>4</sub>-induced group showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) compared to the normal control, whereas all red cotton stamen extracts effectively reduced these levels. In conclusion, red cotton stamen extracts, rich in phenolic bioactive compounds, demonstrated strong free radical scavenging capacity and improved sperm motility, viability, and morphology by neutralizing free radicals and enhancing antioxidant defenses. These findings suggest that the red cotton stamen extracts, particularly RCD and RCU, offer benefits for sperm preservation.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/674ROS<i>Bombax ceiba</i>sperm motilitysperm viabilityphytochemicals
spellingShingle Jiraporn Laoung-on
Jakree Jitjumnong
Paiwan Sudwan
Nopparuj Outaitaveep
Sakaewan Ounjaijean
Kongsak Boonyapranai
Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen Semen
Veterinary Sciences
ROS
<i>Bombax ceiba</i>
sperm motility
sperm viability
phytochemicals
title Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen Semen
title_full Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen Semen
title_fullStr Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen Semen
title_full_unstemmed Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen Semen
title_short Red Cotton Stamen Extracts Mitigate Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhance Quality in Bull Frozen Semen
title_sort red cotton stamen extracts mitigate ferrous sulfate induced oxidative stress and enhance quality in bull frozen semen
topic ROS
<i>Bombax ceiba</i>
sperm motility
sperm viability
phytochemicals
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/674
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