Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management Strategies

This study presents a remote sensing (RS) approach for monitoring invasive aquatic species and assessing their impact on water quality in the Lis Valley Irrigation District (LVID), Portugal. Using high-resolution PlanetScope imagery (3.7 m resolution), this method overcomes spatial limitations in na...

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Main Authors: Susana Ferreira, Juan Manuel Sánchez, José Manuel Gonçalves, Rui Eugénio, Henrique Damásio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:AgriEngineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/5/151
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author Susana Ferreira
Juan Manuel Sánchez
José Manuel Gonçalves
Rui Eugénio
Henrique Damásio
author_facet Susana Ferreira
Juan Manuel Sánchez
José Manuel Gonçalves
Rui Eugénio
Henrique Damásio
author_sort Susana Ferreira
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a remote sensing (RS) approach for monitoring invasive aquatic species and assessing their impact on water quality in the Lis Valley Irrigation District (LVID), Portugal. Using high-resolution PlanetScope imagery (3.7 m resolution), this method overcomes spatial limitations in narrow irrigation canals. Representative sub-zones were selected to analyze spatial and temporal trends, and vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index—NDVI, Enhanced Vegetation Index—EVI, Green Chlorophyll Index—GCI) were calculated to map the spread of <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> (water hyacinth—WH) and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> (parrot’s feather—PF). All three vegetation indices exhibited significant linear regressions with pH, with the EVI showing the highest coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.761), followed by the NDVI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.726) and GCI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.663), with <i>p</i>-values and ANOVA <i>p</i>-values below 0.05. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) also showed strong correlations, particularly with the GCI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.886 for both DO concentration and saturation). The NDVI and EVI demonstrated significant regressions for these parameters, with R<sup>2</sup> values between 0.661 and 0.862. The results demonstrate the potential of RS to detect invasive species and assess their ecological impact, providing a cost-effective tool for management strategies in irrigation systems. Future research should integrate more field data and extend the study period to enhance classification accuracy.
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spelling doaj-art-5e1b49e71cd640118bae3cb533d8df442025-08-20T02:33:39ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022025-05-017515110.3390/agriengineering7050151Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management StrategiesSusana Ferreira0Juan Manuel Sánchez1José Manuel Gonçalves2Rui Eugénio3Henrique Damásio4Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, SpainInstituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, SpainInstituto Politécnico de Coimbra (IPC), Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, CERNAS—Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, 3045-601 Coimbra, PortugalInstituto Politécnico de Coimbra (IPC), Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, CERNAS—Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, 3045-601 Coimbra, PortugalAssociação de Regantes e Beneficiários do Vale do Lis (ARBVL), Quinta do Picoto, 2425-492 Leiria, PortugalThis study presents a remote sensing (RS) approach for monitoring invasive aquatic species and assessing their impact on water quality in the Lis Valley Irrigation District (LVID), Portugal. Using high-resolution PlanetScope imagery (3.7 m resolution), this method overcomes spatial limitations in narrow irrigation canals. Representative sub-zones were selected to analyze spatial and temporal trends, and vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index—NDVI, Enhanced Vegetation Index—EVI, Green Chlorophyll Index—GCI) were calculated to map the spread of <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> (water hyacinth—WH) and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> (parrot’s feather—PF). All three vegetation indices exhibited significant linear regressions with pH, with the EVI showing the highest coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.761), followed by the NDVI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.726) and GCI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.663), with <i>p</i>-values and ANOVA <i>p</i>-values below 0.05. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) also showed strong correlations, particularly with the GCI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.886 for both DO concentration and saturation). The NDVI and EVI demonstrated significant regressions for these parameters, with R<sup>2</sup> values between 0.661 and 0.862. The results demonstrate the potential of RS to detect invasive species and assess their ecological impact, providing a cost-effective tool for management strategies in irrigation systems. Future research should integrate more field data and extend the study period to enhance classification accuracy.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/5/151<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>irrigation systemsinvasive aquatic plantsLis Valley Irrigation District<i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i>PlanetScope
spellingShingle Susana Ferreira
Juan Manuel Sánchez
José Manuel Gonçalves
Rui Eugénio
Henrique Damásio
Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management Strategies
AgriEngineering
<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>
irrigation systems
invasive aquatic plants
Lis Valley Irrigation District
<i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i>
PlanetScope
title Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management Strategies
title_full Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management Strategies
title_fullStr Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management Strategies
title_short Monitoring <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> and <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i> in Irrigation Systems Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Impacts on Water Quality and Management Strategies
title_sort monitoring i eichhornia crassipes i and i myriophyllum aquaticum i in irrigation systems using high resolution satellite imagery impacts on water quality and management strategies
topic <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>
irrigation systems
invasive aquatic plants
Lis Valley Irrigation District
<i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i>
PlanetScope
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/5/151
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