Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implications

This study advances environmental management practices by developing a comprehensive multi-index remote sensing methodology for rapid and accurate forest fire impact assessment in protected areas. Applied to the 2021 Yushan National Park fire in Taiwan, the approach integrates three complementary ve...

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Main Authors: Chih-Lin Liu, You-Ren Wang, Wan-Yu Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1577612/full
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author Chih-Lin Liu
You-Ren Wang
You-Ren Wang
Wan-Yu Liu
Wan-Yu Liu
author_facet Chih-Lin Liu
You-Ren Wang
You-Ren Wang
Wan-Yu Liu
Wan-Yu Liu
author_sort Chih-Lin Liu
collection DOAJ
description This study advances environmental management practices by developing a comprehensive multi-index remote sensing methodology for rapid and accurate forest fire impact assessment in protected areas. Applied to the 2021 Yushan National Park fire in Taiwan, the approach integrates three complementary vegetation indices—Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Burned Area Index (BAI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)—to evaluate pre-fire and post-fire conditions across forest compartments No. 51 and No. 52. The methodology demonstrates significant advantages for protected area management where recreational activities intersect with conservation priorities. The NBR analysis identified 68.89 hectares of burned area with 97.1% accuracy compared to official reports, establishing the method’s reliability for rapid damage assessment. NDVI and BAI analyses provided complementary insights, with NDVI effectively detecting 27.99 hectares of completely destroyed vegetation and BAI identifying 17.80 hectares of severely charred areas, both showing statistical significance when validated against ground observations. Through carbon storage analysis, we quantified a loss ranging from 7 to 18,000 metric tons, demonstrating the approach’s capability for environmental impact quantification. The multi-index methodology reveals varying degrees of burn severity across different forest compartments, enabling precise mapping of ecosystem damage patterns. This framework offers a cost-effective, reproducible approach for both immediate impact evaluation and long-term monitoring of forest recovery, supporting evidence-based management decisions in protected areas globally, though local calibration may be required for optimal performance.
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spelling doaj-art-5e1359529bf54b1f8e50cabcc2d7865a2025-08-20T03:45:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2025-06-01810.3389/ffgc.2025.15776121577612Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implicationsChih-Lin Liu0You-Ren Wang1You-Ren Wang2Wan-Yu Liu3Wan-Yu Liu4Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanAerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, TaiwanInnovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, TaiwanThis study advances environmental management practices by developing a comprehensive multi-index remote sensing methodology for rapid and accurate forest fire impact assessment in protected areas. Applied to the 2021 Yushan National Park fire in Taiwan, the approach integrates three complementary vegetation indices—Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Burned Area Index (BAI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)—to evaluate pre-fire and post-fire conditions across forest compartments No. 51 and No. 52. The methodology demonstrates significant advantages for protected area management where recreational activities intersect with conservation priorities. The NBR analysis identified 68.89 hectares of burned area with 97.1% accuracy compared to official reports, establishing the method’s reliability for rapid damage assessment. NDVI and BAI analyses provided complementary insights, with NDVI effectively detecting 27.99 hectares of completely destroyed vegetation and BAI identifying 17.80 hectares of severely charred areas, both showing statistical significance when validated against ground observations. Through carbon storage analysis, we quantified a loss ranging from 7 to 18,000 metric tons, demonstrating the approach’s capability for environmental impact quantification. The multi-index methodology reveals varying degrees of burn severity across different forest compartments, enabling precise mapping of ecosystem damage patterns. This framework offers a cost-effective, reproducible approach for both immediate impact evaluation and long-term monitoring of forest recovery, supporting evidence-based management decisions in protected areas globally, though local calibration may be required for optimal performance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1577612/fullremote sensingforest fire impact assessmentburn severity mappingcarbon loss estimationprotected areas
spellingShingle Chih-Lin Liu
You-Ren Wang
You-Ren Wang
Wan-Yu Liu
Wan-Yu Liu
Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implications
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
remote sensing
forest fire impact assessment
burn severity mapping
carbon loss estimation
protected areas
title Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implications
title_full Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implications
title_fullStr Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implications
title_full_unstemmed Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implications
title_short Multi-index remote sensing for post-fire damage assessment: accuracy, carbon loss, and conservation implications
title_sort multi index remote sensing for post fire damage assessment accuracy carbon loss and conservation implications
topic remote sensing
forest fire impact assessment
burn severity mapping
carbon loss estimation
protected areas
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1577612/full
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AT yourenwang multiindexremotesensingforpostfiredamageassessmentaccuracycarbonlossandconservationimplications
AT yourenwang multiindexremotesensingforpostfiredamageassessmentaccuracycarbonlossandconservationimplications
AT wanyuliu multiindexremotesensingforpostfiredamageassessmentaccuracycarbonlossandconservationimplications
AT wanyuliu multiindexremotesensingforpostfiredamageassessmentaccuracycarbonlossandconservationimplications