YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV Imagery

Pine Wilt Disease (PWD) is a highly infectious and lethal disease that severely threatens global pine forest ecosystems and forestry economies. Early and accurate detection of infected trees is crucial to prevent large-scale outbreaks and support timely forest management. However, existing remote se...

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Main Authors: Hua Shi, Yonghang Wang, Xiaozhou Feng, Yufen Xie, Zhenhui Zhu, Hui Guo, Guofeng Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3315
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author Hua Shi
Yonghang Wang
Xiaozhou Feng
Yufen Xie
Zhenhui Zhu
Hui Guo
Guofeng Jin
author_facet Hua Shi
Yonghang Wang
Xiaozhou Feng
Yufen Xie
Zhenhui Zhu
Hui Guo
Guofeng Jin
author_sort Hua Shi
collection DOAJ
description Pine Wilt Disease (PWD) is a highly infectious and lethal disease that severely threatens global pine forest ecosystems and forestry economies. Early and accurate detection of infected trees is crucial to prevent large-scale outbreaks and support timely forest management. However, existing remote sensing-based detection models often struggle with performance degradation in complex environments, as well as a trade-off between detection accuracy and real-time efficiency. To address these challenges, we propose an improved object detection model, YOLOv8-MFD, designed for accurate and efficient detection of PWD-infected trees from UAV imagery. The model incorporates a MobileViT-based backbone that fuses convolutional neural networks with Transformer-based global modeling to enhance feature representation under complex forest backgrounds. To further improve robustness and precision, we integrate a Focal Modulation mechanism to suppress environmental interference and adopt a Dynamic Head to strengthen multi-scale object perception and adaptive feature fusion. Experimental results on a UAV-based forest dataset demonstrate that YOLOv8-MFD achieves a precision of 92.5%, a recall of 84.7%, an F1-score of 88.4%, and a mAP@0.5 of 88.2%. Compared to baseline models such as YOLOv8 and YOLOv10, our method achieves higher accuracy while maintaining acceptable computational cost (11.8 GFLOPs) and a compact model size (10.2 MB). Its inference speed is moderate and still suitable for real-time deployment. Overall, the proposed method offers a reliable solution for early-stage PWD monitoring across large forested areas, enabling more timely disease intervention and resource protection. Furthermore, its generalizable architecture holds promise for broader applications in forest health monitoring and agricultural disease detection.
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spelling doaj-art-5e0e0b02ae3748dfab7e27b91dc50d612025-08-20T03:11:24ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012511331510.3390/s25113315YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV ImageryHua Shi0Yonghang Wang1Xiaozhou Feng2Yufen Xie3Zhenhui Zhu4Hui Guo5Guofeng Jin6College of Sciences, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, ChinaCollege of Sciences, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, ChinaCollege of Sciences, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, ChinaShaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi’an 710016, ChinaCollege of Sciences, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, ChinaShaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi’an 710016, ChinaXi’an New Aomei Information Technology, Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710100, ChinaPine Wilt Disease (PWD) is a highly infectious and lethal disease that severely threatens global pine forest ecosystems and forestry economies. Early and accurate detection of infected trees is crucial to prevent large-scale outbreaks and support timely forest management. However, existing remote sensing-based detection models often struggle with performance degradation in complex environments, as well as a trade-off between detection accuracy and real-time efficiency. To address these challenges, we propose an improved object detection model, YOLOv8-MFD, designed for accurate and efficient detection of PWD-infected trees from UAV imagery. The model incorporates a MobileViT-based backbone that fuses convolutional neural networks with Transformer-based global modeling to enhance feature representation under complex forest backgrounds. To further improve robustness and precision, we integrate a Focal Modulation mechanism to suppress environmental interference and adopt a Dynamic Head to strengthen multi-scale object perception and adaptive feature fusion. Experimental results on a UAV-based forest dataset demonstrate that YOLOv8-MFD achieves a precision of 92.5%, a recall of 84.7%, an F1-score of 88.4%, and a mAP@0.5 of 88.2%. Compared to baseline models such as YOLOv8 and YOLOv10, our method achieves higher accuracy while maintaining acceptable computational cost (11.8 GFLOPs) and a compact model size (10.2 MB). Its inference speed is moderate and still suitable for real-time deployment. Overall, the proposed method offers a reliable solution for early-stage PWD monitoring across large forested areas, enabling more timely disease intervention and resource protection. Furthermore, its generalizable architecture holds promise for broader applications in forest health monitoring and agricultural disease detection.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3315pine wilt diseaseUAV remote sensingYOLOv8MobileViTfocal modulationdynamic head
spellingShingle Hua Shi
Yonghang Wang
Xiaozhou Feng
Yufen Xie
Zhenhui Zhu
Hui Guo
Guofeng Jin
YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV Imagery
Sensors
pine wilt disease
UAV remote sensing
YOLOv8
MobileViT
focal modulation
dynamic head
title YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV Imagery
title_full YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV Imagery
title_fullStr YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV Imagery
title_full_unstemmed YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV Imagery
title_short YOLOv8-MFD: An Enhanced Detection Model for Pine Wilt Diseased Trees Using UAV Imagery
title_sort yolov8 mfd an enhanced detection model for pine wilt diseased trees using uav imagery
topic pine wilt disease
UAV remote sensing
YOLOv8
MobileViT
focal modulation
dynamic head
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3315
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