Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use

Background This study addresses the limited evidence of the impact of product characteristics on demand for and the substitutability of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or heated tobacco products for combusted cigarettes among people who smoke and have newly begun to use e-cigarettes.Methods A s...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jidong Huang, Ce Shang, Scott R Weaver, Towhidul Islam, Terry F Pechacek, Vuong V Do
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100073.full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849415223568498688
author Jidong Huang
Ce Shang
Scott R Weaver
Towhidul Islam
Terry F Pechacek
Vuong V Do
author_facet Jidong Huang
Ce Shang
Scott R Weaver
Towhidul Islam
Terry F Pechacek
Vuong V Do
author_sort Jidong Huang
collection DOAJ
description Background This study addresses the limited evidence of the impact of product characteristics on demand for and the substitutability of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or heated tobacco products for combusted cigarettes among people who smoke and have newly begun to use e-cigarettes.Methods A sample of 318 adults who smoke and recently initiated/reinitiated e-cigarette use participated in an online volumetric choice experiment in 2020–2021 to assess stated preferences for consumption and own and cross-price elasticities of three e-cigarette options (cig-a-like, vape pen or tank, closed pod system), heated tobacco product (IQOS) and their usual brand of cigarettes. Product attributes manipulated were price, flavour, level of harm, how well the product reduces cravings to smoke, and how discretely the product can be used. Multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to model the purchased quantities.Results Cigarettes were preferred over all alternatives. However, demand for cig-a-likes, but not IQOS, increased when cigarette prices were higher. Higher prices for e-cigarettes and IQOS did not increase demand for cigarettes. The odds of buying e-cigarettes/IQOS were higher when their harm was stated as low or unknown versus being similar to cigarettes (ie, very high). Other attributes (including various flavour options) were not significantly associated with demand for e-cigarettes or IQOS.Conclusions People who smoke and recently began using e-cigarettes might substitute cig-a-likes for cigarettes when cigarette prices are higher. Policies to increase the cost of combusted cigarettes as well as communicate lower relative harm and low absolute harm of e-cigarettes may facilitate switching behaviour.
format Article
id doaj-art-5dee7dc76f264b94b1e4cefb29bae8da
institution Kabale University
issn 2044-6055
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format Article
series BMJ Open
spelling doaj-art-5dee7dc76f264b94b1e4cefb29bae8da2025-08-20T03:33:35ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-07-0115710.1136/bmjopen-2025-100073Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette useJidong Huang0Ce Shang1Scott R Weaver2Towhidul Islam3Terry F Pechacek4Vuong V Do5Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USAInternal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USADivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USAMarketing and Consumer Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USACenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USABackground This study addresses the limited evidence of the impact of product characteristics on demand for and the substitutability of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or heated tobacco products for combusted cigarettes among people who smoke and have newly begun to use e-cigarettes.Methods A sample of 318 adults who smoke and recently initiated/reinitiated e-cigarette use participated in an online volumetric choice experiment in 2020–2021 to assess stated preferences for consumption and own and cross-price elasticities of three e-cigarette options (cig-a-like, vape pen or tank, closed pod system), heated tobacco product (IQOS) and their usual brand of cigarettes. Product attributes manipulated were price, flavour, level of harm, how well the product reduces cravings to smoke, and how discretely the product can be used. Multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to model the purchased quantities.Results Cigarettes were preferred over all alternatives. However, demand for cig-a-likes, but not IQOS, increased when cigarette prices were higher. Higher prices for e-cigarettes and IQOS did not increase demand for cigarettes. The odds of buying e-cigarettes/IQOS were higher when their harm was stated as low or unknown versus being similar to cigarettes (ie, very high). Other attributes (including various flavour options) were not significantly associated with demand for e-cigarettes or IQOS.Conclusions People who smoke and recently began using e-cigarettes might substitute cig-a-likes for cigarettes when cigarette prices are higher. Policies to increase the cost of combusted cigarettes as well as communicate lower relative harm and low absolute harm of e-cigarettes may facilitate switching behaviour.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100073.full
spellingShingle Jidong Huang
Ce Shang
Scott R Weaver
Towhidul Islam
Terry F Pechacek
Vuong V Do
Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use
BMJ Open
title Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use
title_full Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use
title_fullStr Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use
title_full_unstemmed Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use
title_short Volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use
title_sort volumetric choice experiment to estimate the impact of e cigarette and heated tobacco product characteristics on substitution and complementary use among adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e cigarette use
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100073.full
work_keys_str_mv AT jidonghuang volumetricchoiceexperimenttoestimatetheimpactofecigaretteandheatedtobaccoproductcharacteristicsonsubstitutionandcomplementaryuseamongadultswhosmokecigarettesandrecentlyinitiatedecigaretteuse
AT ceshang volumetricchoiceexperimenttoestimatetheimpactofecigaretteandheatedtobaccoproductcharacteristicsonsubstitutionandcomplementaryuseamongadultswhosmokecigarettesandrecentlyinitiatedecigaretteuse
AT scottrweaver volumetricchoiceexperimenttoestimatetheimpactofecigaretteandheatedtobaccoproductcharacteristicsonsubstitutionandcomplementaryuseamongadultswhosmokecigarettesandrecentlyinitiatedecigaretteuse
AT towhidulislam volumetricchoiceexperimenttoestimatetheimpactofecigaretteandheatedtobaccoproductcharacteristicsonsubstitutionandcomplementaryuseamongadultswhosmokecigarettesandrecentlyinitiatedecigaretteuse
AT terryfpechacek volumetricchoiceexperimenttoestimatetheimpactofecigaretteandheatedtobaccoproductcharacteristicsonsubstitutionandcomplementaryuseamongadultswhosmokecigarettesandrecentlyinitiatedecigaretteuse
AT vuongvdo volumetricchoiceexperimenttoestimatetheimpactofecigaretteandheatedtobaccoproductcharacteristicsonsubstitutionandcomplementaryuseamongadultswhosmokecigarettesandrecentlyinitiatedecigaretteuse