Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi Identification

This study focuses on the classification of six different macrofungi species using advanced deep learning techniques. Fungi species, such as <i>Amanita pantherina</i>, <i>Boletus edulis</i>, <i>Cantharellus cibarius</i>, <i>Lactarius deliciosus</i>, &l...

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Main Authors: Sifa Ozsari, Eda Kumru, Fatih Ekinci, Ilgaz Akata, Mehmet Serdar Guzel, Koray Acici, Eray Ozcan, Tunc Asuroglu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7189
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author Sifa Ozsari
Eda Kumru
Fatih Ekinci
Ilgaz Akata
Mehmet Serdar Guzel
Koray Acici
Eray Ozcan
Tunc Asuroglu
author_facet Sifa Ozsari
Eda Kumru
Fatih Ekinci
Ilgaz Akata
Mehmet Serdar Guzel
Koray Acici
Eray Ozcan
Tunc Asuroglu
author_sort Sifa Ozsari
collection DOAJ
description This study focuses on the classification of six different macrofungi species using advanced deep learning techniques. Fungi species, such as <i>Amanita pantherina</i>, <i>Boletus edulis</i>, <i>Cantharellus cibarius</i>, <i>Lactarius deliciosus</i>, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> and <i>Tricholoma terreum</i> were chosen based on their ecological importance and distinct morphological characteristics. The research employed 5 different machine learning techniques and 12 deep learning models, including DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, ConvNeXt, EfficientNet, and swin transformers, to evaluate their performance in identifying fungi from images. The DenseNet121 model demonstrated the highest accuracy (92%) and AUC score (95%), making it the most effective in distinguishing between species. The study also revealed that transformer-based models, particularly the swin transformer, were less effective, suggesting room for improvement in their application to this task. Further advancements in macrofungi classification could be achieved by expanding datasets, incorporating additional data types such as biochemical, electron microscopy, and RNA/DNA sequences, and using ensemble methods to enhance model performance. The findings contribute valuable insights into both the use of deep learning for biodiversity research and the ecological conservation of macrofungi species.
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spelling doaj-art-5debc1f1429d4e69ac210d60b167cd932025-08-20T02:04:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012422718910.3390/s24227189Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi IdentificationSifa Ozsari0Eda Kumru1Fatih Ekinci2Ilgaz Akata3Mehmet Serdar Guzel4Koray Acici5Eray Ozcan6Tunc Asuroglu7Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06830, TürkiyeGraduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06830, TürkiyeDepartment of Medical Physics, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, TürkiyeDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, TürkiyeDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06830, TürkiyeDepartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06830, TürkiyeDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06830, TürkiyeFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandThis study focuses on the classification of six different macrofungi species using advanced deep learning techniques. Fungi species, such as <i>Amanita pantherina</i>, <i>Boletus edulis</i>, <i>Cantharellus cibarius</i>, <i>Lactarius deliciosus</i>, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> and <i>Tricholoma terreum</i> were chosen based on their ecological importance and distinct morphological characteristics. The research employed 5 different machine learning techniques and 12 deep learning models, including DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, ConvNeXt, EfficientNet, and swin transformers, to evaluate their performance in identifying fungi from images. The DenseNet121 model demonstrated the highest accuracy (92%) and AUC score (95%), making it the most effective in distinguishing between species. The study also revealed that transformer-based models, particularly the swin transformer, were less effective, suggesting room for improvement in their application to this task. Further advancements in macrofungi classification could be achieved by expanding datasets, incorporating additional data types such as biochemical, electron microscopy, and RNA/DNA sequences, and using ensemble methods to enhance model performance. The findings contribute valuable insights into both the use of deep learning for biodiversity research and the ecological conservation of macrofungi species.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7189macrofungi classificationdeep learningDenseNet121fungi identificationmachine learning models
spellingShingle Sifa Ozsari
Eda Kumru
Fatih Ekinci
Ilgaz Akata
Mehmet Serdar Guzel
Koray Acici
Eray Ozcan
Tunc Asuroglu
Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi Identification
Sensors
macrofungi classification
deep learning
DenseNet121
fungi identification
machine learning models
title Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi Identification
title_full Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi Identification
title_fullStr Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi Identification
title_full_unstemmed Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi Identification
title_short Deep Learning-Based Classification of Macrofungi: Comparative Analysis of Advanced Models for Accurate Fungi Identification
title_sort deep learning based classification of macrofungi comparative analysis of advanced models for accurate fungi identification
topic macrofungi classification
deep learning
DenseNet121
fungi identification
machine learning models
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7189
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