Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizations

Abstract Despite the importance of supraglacial melt lakes to the future evolution of polar ice sheets, they are not represented in current large-scale climate and ice sheet models. In this study, we use ICESat-2 satellite surface elevation measurements to show that roughness on the Antarctic Ice Sh...

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Main Authors: Danielle Grau, Azeez Hussain, Alexander A. Robel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61798-8
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author Danielle Grau
Azeez Hussain
Alexander A. Robel
author_facet Danielle Grau
Azeez Hussain
Alexander A. Robel
author_sort Danielle Grau
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Despite the importance of supraglacial melt lakes to the future evolution of polar ice sheets, they are not represented in current large-scale climate and ice sheet models. In this study, we use ICESat-2 satellite surface elevation measurements to show that roughness on the Antarctic Ice Sheet surface is largely self-affine. Estimation of ice sheet surface roughness statistics then enables the development of a set of simple mathematical expressions parameterizing the average supraglacial melt lake area fraction and lake depth from statistical fitting of large simulation ensembles of water flow on random, self-affine surfaces. These parameterizations provide predictions that are generally consistent with observations, with some exceptions. Finally, we predict that on large portions of Antarctic ice shelves supraglacial lakes are likely to, on average, stay less than one meter deep and occupy less than 40% of the ice area, absent changes in ice shelf surface roughness.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-5de8c5e95139404fbd8d4fd2b5d5a1ec2025-08-20T03:42:52ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-61798-8Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizationsDanielle Grau0Azeez Hussain1Alexander A. Robel2School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologySchool of Physics, Georgia Institute of TechnologySchool of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAbstract Despite the importance of supraglacial melt lakes to the future evolution of polar ice sheets, they are not represented in current large-scale climate and ice sheet models. In this study, we use ICESat-2 satellite surface elevation measurements to show that roughness on the Antarctic Ice Sheet surface is largely self-affine. Estimation of ice sheet surface roughness statistics then enables the development of a set of simple mathematical expressions parameterizing the average supraglacial melt lake area fraction and lake depth from statistical fitting of large simulation ensembles of water flow on random, self-affine surfaces. These parameterizations provide predictions that are generally consistent with observations, with some exceptions. Finally, we predict that on large portions of Antarctic ice shelves supraglacial lakes are likely to, on average, stay less than one meter deep and occupy less than 40% of the ice area, absent changes in ice shelf surface roughness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61798-8
spellingShingle Danielle Grau
Azeez Hussain
Alexander A. Robel
Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizations
Nature Communications
title Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizations
title_full Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizations
title_fullStr Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizations
title_full_unstemmed Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizations
title_short Predicting mean depth and area fraction of Antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics-based parameterizations
title_sort predicting mean depth and area fraction of antarctic supraglacial melt lakes with physics based parameterizations
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61798-8
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AT azeezhussain predictingmeandepthandareafractionofantarcticsupraglacialmeltlakeswithphysicsbasedparameterizations
AT alexanderarobel predictingmeandepthandareafractionofantarcticsupraglacialmeltlakeswithphysicsbasedparameterizations