Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity

Abstract Cross-sectional data from a sample of older adults with obesity was used to determine how peripheral insulin resistance (PIR) and neuronal insulin signaling abnormalities (NISAs) relate to executive function and functional brain network topology. Older adults (n = 71) with obesity but witho...

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Main Authors: Clayton C. McIntyre, Robert G. Lyday, Yixin Su, Barbara Nicklas, Sean L. Simpson, Gagan Deep, Shannon L. Macauley, Christina E. Hugenschmidt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06038-1
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author Clayton C. McIntyre
Robert G. Lyday
Yixin Su
Barbara Nicklas
Sean L. Simpson
Gagan Deep
Shannon L. Macauley
Christina E. Hugenschmidt
author_facet Clayton C. McIntyre
Robert G. Lyday
Yixin Su
Barbara Nicklas
Sean L. Simpson
Gagan Deep
Shannon L. Macauley
Christina E. Hugenschmidt
author_sort Clayton C. McIntyre
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cross-sectional data from a sample of older adults with obesity was used to determine how peripheral insulin resistance (PIR) and neuronal insulin signaling abnormalities (NISAs) relate to executive function and functional brain network topology. Older adults (n = 71) with obesity but without type 2 diabetes were included. PIR was quantified by HOMA2-IR. NISAs were quantified according to an established neuron-derived small-extracellular-vesicle-based metric, R. An executive function composite score, summed scores to the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) trials 1–5, and functional brain networks generated from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were outcomes in analyses. We used general linear models and a novel regression framework for brain network analysis to identify relationships between insulin-related biomarkers and brain-related outcomes. HOMA2-IR, but not R, was negatively associated with executive function. Neither measure was associated with AVLT score. HOMA2-IR was also related to hippocampal network topology in participants who had undergone functional neuroimaging. Neither HOMA2-IR nor R were significantly related to network topology of the central executive network. This study provides further evidence that PIR is associated with aging brain function. NISAs were not found to be related to PIR, cognition, or functional brain network topology.
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spelling doaj-art-5de7014d4d0c415b816b131b2b8de9fb2025-08-20T03:37:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-06038-1Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesityClayton C. McIntyre0Robert G. Lyday1Yixin Su2Barbara Nicklas3Sean L. Simpson4Gagan Deep5Shannon L. Macauley6Christina E. Hugenschmidt7Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest Graduate School of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of MedicineAbstract Cross-sectional data from a sample of older adults with obesity was used to determine how peripheral insulin resistance (PIR) and neuronal insulin signaling abnormalities (NISAs) relate to executive function and functional brain network topology. Older adults (n = 71) with obesity but without type 2 diabetes were included. PIR was quantified by HOMA2-IR. NISAs were quantified according to an established neuron-derived small-extracellular-vesicle-based metric, R. An executive function composite score, summed scores to the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) trials 1–5, and functional brain networks generated from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were outcomes in analyses. We used general linear models and a novel regression framework for brain network analysis to identify relationships between insulin-related biomarkers and brain-related outcomes. HOMA2-IR, but not R, was negatively associated with executive function. Neither measure was associated with AVLT score. HOMA2-IR was also related to hippocampal network topology in participants who had undergone functional neuroimaging. Neither HOMA2-IR nor R were significantly related to network topology of the central executive network. This study provides further evidence that PIR is associated with aging brain function. NISAs were not found to be related to PIR, cognition, or functional brain network topology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06038-1
spellingShingle Clayton C. McIntyre
Robert G. Lyday
Yixin Su
Barbara Nicklas
Sean L. Simpson
Gagan Deep
Shannon L. Macauley
Christina E. Hugenschmidt
Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity
Scientific Reports
title Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity
title_full Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity
title_fullStr Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity
title_full_unstemmed Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity
title_short Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity
title_sort insulin resistance cognition and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06038-1
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