Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regression
Abstract Background Physical fitness has been considered an important health indicator. Several factors can impact the increase in physical fitness in children and adolescents, including chronological age, sex and BMI, in addition to training variables such as weekly frequency, session and intervent...
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2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04929-2 |
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| author | Carolina Dertzbocher Feil Pinho Natália Carvalho Bagatini-PhD Salime Donida Chedid Lisboa Júlio Brugnara Mello Giovani dos Santos Cunha |
| author_facet | Carolina Dertzbocher Feil Pinho Natália Carvalho Bagatini-PhD Salime Donida Chedid Lisboa Júlio Brugnara Mello Giovani dos Santos Cunha |
| author_sort | Carolina Dertzbocher Feil Pinho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Physical fitness has been considered an important health indicator. Several factors can impact the increase in physical fitness in children and adolescents, including chronological age, sex and BMI, in addition to training variables such as weekly frequency, session and intervention duration, and types of exercises performed. To know the importance of variables that can impact physical fitness, it is important for health professionals to identify the most efficient way of prescribing physical exercises for children and adolescents. The aim is review and meta-analyses of the effects of supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents. Methods Relevant articles were searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Scopus platform databases and selected based on the following criteria: children and adolescents aged between 7 and 17 years who performed any type of structured physical exercise compared to a control group without exercise and evaluating physical fitness (strength or muscular power, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or speed. The results are reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Results Eighty studies were included with a total of 5769 participants. Strength exercises (ES: 1.073; 95% CI, 0.612–1.533; P < 0.001; I2: 74%), concurrent (ES: 1.054; 95% CI, 0.255–1.853; P < 0.010; I2: 72%) and sports (ES: 0.573; 95% CI, 0.015 to 1.132; P < 0.044; I2: 34%) seem to be the most effective in increasing muscular strength. Aerobic activities (ES: 0.400; 95% CI, 0.258–0.542; P < 0.001; I2: 74%), sports (ES: 0.271; 95% IC, 0.148–0.394; P < 0.001; I2: 15), or HIIT (ES: 0.668; 95% IC, 0.333–1.003; P < 0.001; I2: 29%) resulted in increased CRF (ES: 0.514; 95% IC, 0.220–1.808; P < 0.001; I2: 66%). The practice of physical exercise increased muscular power (ES: 0.241; 95% CI, 0.053–0.429; P = 0.012; I2: 0%). The practice of HIIT impacts MAS gains (ES: 0.048; 95% CI, 0.050 − 0.026; P = 0.029; I2: 44%). Conclusion Supervised and structured physical exercise can improve muscular strength (15–35%), CRF (5.4–8.5%), muscular power (5.6–11.8%), and MAS (5.4%) trainability in children and adolescents. Sex, BMI of the subjects and type of exercise performed (aerobic activities, exclusive to strength, HIIT or sports) should be considered when prescribing the exercise. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2431 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-5de2aef9bdf04e0aa1aa4bd4984288d32025-08-20T02:30:54ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312024-12-0124111810.1186/s12887-024-04929-2Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regressionCarolina Dertzbocher Feil Pinho0Natália Carvalho Bagatini-PhD1Salime Donida Chedid Lisboa2Júlio Brugnara Mello3Giovani dos Santos Cunha4Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - School of Physical EducationPhysiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - School of Physical EducationPhysiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - School of Physical EducationPontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso – Escuela de Educación Física – eFIDac Research GroupPhysiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - School of Physical EducationAbstract Background Physical fitness has been considered an important health indicator. Several factors can impact the increase in physical fitness in children and adolescents, including chronological age, sex and BMI, in addition to training variables such as weekly frequency, session and intervention duration, and types of exercises performed. To know the importance of variables that can impact physical fitness, it is important for health professionals to identify the most efficient way of prescribing physical exercises for children and adolescents. The aim is review and meta-analyses of the effects of supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents. Methods Relevant articles were searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Scopus platform databases and selected based on the following criteria: children and adolescents aged between 7 and 17 years who performed any type of structured physical exercise compared to a control group without exercise and evaluating physical fitness (strength or muscular power, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or speed. The results are reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Results Eighty studies were included with a total of 5769 participants. Strength exercises (ES: 1.073; 95% CI, 0.612–1.533; P < 0.001; I2: 74%), concurrent (ES: 1.054; 95% CI, 0.255–1.853; P < 0.010; I2: 72%) and sports (ES: 0.573; 95% CI, 0.015 to 1.132; P < 0.044; I2: 34%) seem to be the most effective in increasing muscular strength. Aerobic activities (ES: 0.400; 95% CI, 0.258–0.542; P < 0.001; I2: 74%), sports (ES: 0.271; 95% IC, 0.148–0.394; P < 0.001; I2: 15), or HIIT (ES: 0.668; 95% IC, 0.333–1.003; P < 0.001; I2: 29%) resulted in increased CRF (ES: 0.514; 95% IC, 0.220–1.808; P < 0.001; I2: 66%). The practice of physical exercise increased muscular power (ES: 0.241; 95% CI, 0.053–0.429; P = 0.012; I2: 0%). The practice of HIIT impacts MAS gains (ES: 0.048; 95% CI, 0.050 − 0.026; P = 0.029; I2: 44%). Conclusion Supervised and structured physical exercise can improve muscular strength (15–35%), CRF (5.4–8.5%), muscular power (5.6–11.8%), and MAS (5.4%) trainability in children and adolescents. Sex, BMI of the subjects and type of exercise performed (aerobic activities, exclusive to strength, HIIT or sports) should be considered when prescribing the exercise.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04929-2Muscular strengthCardiorespiratory fitnessMuscular powerMaximal aerobic speedTraining |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Dertzbocher Feil Pinho Natália Carvalho Bagatini-PhD Salime Donida Chedid Lisboa Júlio Brugnara Mello Giovani dos Santos Cunha Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regression BMC Pediatrics Muscular strength Cardiorespiratory fitness Muscular power Maximal aerobic speed Training |
| title | Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regression |
| title_full | Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regression |
| title_fullStr | Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regression |
| title_short | Effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and meta-regression |
| title_sort | effects of different supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents a meta analysis and meta regression |
| topic | Muscular strength Cardiorespiratory fitness Muscular power Maximal aerobic speed Training |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04929-2 |
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