ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real Samples
Glucose detection is critical in addressing health and medical issues related to irregular blood levels. Colorimetry, a simple, cost-effective, and visually straightforward method, is often employed. Traditional enzymatic detection methods face drawbacks such as high costs, limited stability, and op...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Claudia Cirillo Mariagrazia Iuliano Maria Sarno |
| author_facet | Claudia Cirillo Mariagrazia Iuliano Maria Sarno |
| author_sort | Claudia Cirillo |
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| description | Glucose detection is critical in addressing health and medical issues related to irregular blood levels. Colorimetry, a simple, cost-effective, and visually straightforward method, is often employed. Traditional enzymatic detection methods face drawbacks such as high costs, limited stability, and operational challenges. To overcome these, enzyme mimics or artificial nano-enzymes based on inorganic nanomaterials have garnered attention, but their cost and susceptibility to inactivation limit applications. This study presents a ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs nanocomposite as an innovative enzyme mimic, addressing key requirements like low cost, high stability, biocompatibility, and wide operational range. Synthesized using a simple and inexpensive method, the composite benefits from the synergistic interaction between ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), resulting in excellent magnetic properties, high surface area, and functional versatility. The material demonstrated remarkable sensitivity with a detection limit of 7.0 μM across a range of 5–500 μM and achieved efficient peroxidase-like activity with Km values of 0.072 and 0.068 mM and Vmax of 4.58 × 10⁻<sup>8</sup> and 8.29 × 10⁻<sup>8</sup> M/s for TMB and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The nanocomposite also exhibited robust recyclability, retaining performance over six reuse cycles. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5dde910643424d4b992146e91b75e9622025-08-20T01:56:38ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-04-0116552010.3390/mi16050520ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real SamplesClaudia Cirillo0Mariagrazia Iuliano1Maria Sarno2Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, ItalyGlucose detection is critical in addressing health and medical issues related to irregular blood levels. Colorimetry, a simple, cost-effective, and visually straightforward method, is often employed. Traditional enzymatic detection methods face drawbacks such as high costs, limited stability, and operational challenges. To overcome these, enzyme mimics or artificial nano-enzymes based on inorganic nanomaterials have garnered attention, but their cost and susceptibility to inactivation limit applications. This study presents a ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs nanocomposite as an innovative enzyme mimic, addressing key requirements like low cost, high stability, biocompatibility, and wide operational range. Synthesized using a simple and inexpensive method, the composite benefits from the synergistic interaction between ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), resulting in excellent magnetic properties, high surface area, and functional versatility. The material demonstrated remarkable sensitivity with a detection limit of 7.0 μM across a range of 5–500 μM and achieved efficient peroxidase-like activity with Km values of 0.072 and 0.068 mM and Vmax of 4.58 × 10⁻<sup>8</sup> and 8.29 × 10⁻<sup>8</sup> M/s for TMB and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The nanocomposite also exhibited robust recyclability, retaining performance over six reuse cycles.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/520glucose detectionZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs nanocompositeenzyme mimicperoxidase-like activitylow detection limit (LOD) |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Cirillo Mariagrazia Iuliano Maria Sarno ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real Samples Micromachines glucose detection ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs nanocomposite enzyme mimic peroxidase-like activity low detection limit (LOD) |
| title | ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real Samples |
| title_full | ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real Samples |
| title_fullStr | ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real Samples |
| title_short | ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Real Samples |
| title_sort | znfe sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub gqds nanoparticles as peroxidase mimics for sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of glucose in real samples |
| topic | glucose detection ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GQDs nanocomposite enzyme mimic peroxidase-like activity low detection limit (LOD) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/520 |
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