Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin Measurements
Abstract Novel designs and materials for filtering face-piece respirators (FFRs) have been disseminated in response to shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since filtration efficiency depends on particle diameter and air face velocity, the relevance of material filtration or prototype fit data de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200629 |
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| author | Audrey J. Dang Benjamin M. Kumfer J. Tyler Bertroche Jane Olson Glidden Christopher R. Oxford Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka Mary Ruppert-Stroescu Alexander R. Scott Jason A. Morris Connie Gan Jesse Hu Bradley King David I. A. Dhanraj Shruti Choudhary Pratim Biswas Richard L. Axelbaum Kathleen W. Meacham Brent J. Williams |
| author_facet | Audrey J. Dang Benjamin M. Kumfer J. Tyler Bertroche Jane Olson Glidden Christopher R. Oxford Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka Mary Ruppert-Stroescu Alexander R. Scott Jason A. Morris Connie Gan Jesse Hu Bradley King David I. A. Dhanraj Shruti Choudhary Pratim Biswas Richard L. Axelbaum Kathleen W. Meacham Brent J. Williams |
| author_sort | Audrey J. Dang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Novel designs and materials for filtering face-piece respirators (FFRs) have been disseminated in response to shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since filtration efficiency depends on particle diameter and air face velocity, the relevance of material filtration or prototype fit data depends on test conditions. We investigate whether characterizing a material in a filter holder at a range of face velocities enabled precise prediction of the filtration performance of a novel sewn mask design. While larger particles (> 500 nm) are more relevant for inhalation exposure to respiratory emissions, we compare this mask and a N95 FFR (as a control) with smaller particles more similar to those in the N95 test method. Sewn from sterilization wrap, our mask (sealed to a mannequin head with silicone) filters 85 ± 1% of 136 nm particles (NaCl, 85 L min−1) and passes quantitative fit tests for 4 of 6 volunteers, representing intermediate protection between a surgical mask and N95 FFR. Filter holder material measurements overpredict the sewn mask’s filtration efficiency by 8.2% (95% CI 7.4–9.1%) (136 or 200 nm). While testing flat material in a filter holder enables comparison between materials, filtration performance does not precisely scale-up from filter holder to mannequin tests. Testing full prototypes at relevant conditions is crucial if an improvised design is intended as a substitute for a commercial surgical mask or FFR. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5dd7676fb528428c908b95453124e6b0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-5dd7676fb528428c908b95453124e6b02025-02-09T12:19:38ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092021-04-0121611510.4209/aaqr.200629Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin MeasurementsAudrey J. Dang0Benjamin M. Kumfer1J. Tyler Bertroche2Jane Olson Glidden3Christopher R. Oxford4Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka5Mary Ruppert-Stroescu6Alexander R. Scott7Jason A. Morris8Connie Gan9Jesse Hu10Bradley King11David I. A. Dhanraj12Shruti Choudhary13Pratim Biswas14Richard L. Axelbaum15Kathleen W. Meacham16Brent J. Williams17Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisCenter for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of MedicineWeavers’ Guild of St. LouisCenter for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisMallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts, Washington University in St. LouisWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineDivision of Environmental Health & Safety, Washington University in St. LouisCenter for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisCenter for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisCenter for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisCenter for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisDepartment of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineCenter for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St LouisAbstract Novel designs and materials for filtering face-piece respirators (FFRs) have been disseminated in response to shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since filtration efficiency depends on particle diameter and air face velocity, the relevance of material filtration or prototype fit data depends on test conditions. We investigate whether characterizing a material in a filter holder at a range of face velocities enabled precise prediction of the filtration performance of a novel sewn mask design. While larger particles (> 500 nm) are more relevant for inhalation exposure to respiratory emissions, we compare this mask and a N95 FFR (as a control) with smaller particles more similar to those in the N95 test method. Sewn from sterilization wrap, our mask (sealed to a mannequin head with silicone) filters 85 ± 1% of 136 nm particles (NaCl, 85 L min−1) and passes quantitative fit tests for 4 of 6 volunteers, representing intermediate protection between a surgical mask and N95 FFR. Filter holder material measurements overpredict the sewn mask’s filtration efficiency by 8.2% (95% CI 7.4–9.1%) (136 or 200 nm). While testing flat material in a filter holder enables comparison between materials, filtration performance does not precisely scale-up from filter holder to mannequin tests. Testing full prototypes at relevant conditions is crucial if an improvised design is intended as a substitute for a commercial surgical mask or FFR.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200629RespiratorFiltrationFace velocityCOVID-19Mask |
| spellingShingle | Audrey J. Dang Benjamin M. Kumfer J. Tyler Bertroche Jane Olson Glidden Christopher R. Oxford Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka Mary Ruppert-Stroescu Alexander R. Scott Jason A. Morris Connie Gan Jesse Hu Bradley King David I. A. Dhanraj Shruti Choudhary Pratim Biswas Richard L. Axelbaum Kathleen W. Meacham Brent J. Williams Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin Measurements Aerosol and Air Quality Research Respirator Filtration Face velocity COVID-19 Mask |
| title | Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin Measurements |
| title_full | Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin Measurements |
| title_short | Challenges in Predicting the Filtration Performance of a Novel Sewn Mask: Scale-up from Filter Holder to Mannequin Measurements |
| title_sort | challenges in predicting the filtration performance of a novel sewn mask scale up from filter holder to mannequin measurements |
| topic | Respirator Filtration Face velocity COVID-19 Mask |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200629 |
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