Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Objectives To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and association of central obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI), visceral fat adiposity (VFA) and superficial fat adiposity (SFA) with MS, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN).Design Cross-sectional study design.Setting Tertiar...

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Main Authors: Zainab Hussain, Aysha Habib, Zafar Sajjad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-07-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/7/e082095.full
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author Zainab Hussain
Aysha Habib
Zafar Sajjad
author_facet Zainab Hussain
Aysha Habib
Zafar Sajjad
author_sort Zainab Hussain
collection DOAJ
description Objectives To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and association of central obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI), visceral fat adiposity (VFA) and superficial fat adiposity (SFA) with MS, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN).Design Cross-sectional study design.Setting Tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.Participants 165 participants. There were 124 male participants and 41 female participants of Pakistani population. All participants above 18 years, who had unenhanced CT abdomen examination and relevant blood workup, were included. Patients with a known clinical history of coronary artery disease, HTN and DM as well as pregnant patients were excluded.Interventions VFA and SFA were estimated, at the level of the umbilicus. Data of BMI, MS, DM and HTN were extracted from patient files. Data for MS, DM and HTN were recorded as binary variables.Outcome measures The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of MS and the association of MS, DM and HTN with gender, VFA, SFA and BMI. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant with CI of 95%.Results The prevalence of MS was 29.7%. There was a significant association of MS, DM and HTN with VFA, SFA and BMI. In gender-based analysis 48.7% of the female participants had MS. In subset analysis, 47% of male subjects in the third tertile of VFA revealed significant association with MS (p value <0.05) while only 32.7% of subjects in the obesity category of BMI had MS. SFA revealed a significant association with DM only (p value <0.5).Conclusion In conclusion, VFA shows a significant association with MS, DM and HTN. Considering these results, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to generate gender-based cut-offs for VFA for obesity screening purposes.
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spelling doaj-art-5dd156e2396c4e6185f809e1ff46a53a2025-08-20T02:43:20ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-07-0114710.1136/bmjopen-2023-082095Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in PakistanZainab Hussain0Aysha Habib1Zafar Sajjad21 Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan2 Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan1 Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PakistanObjectives To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and association of central obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI), visceral fat adiposity (VFA) and superficial fat adiposity (SFA) with MS, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN).Design Cross-sectional study design.Setting Tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.Participants 165 participants. There were 124 male participants and 41 female participants of Pakistani population. All participants above 18 years, who had unenhanced CT abdomen examination and relevant blood workup, were included. Patients with a known clinical history of coronary artery disease, HTN and DM as well as pregnant patients were excluded.Interventions VFA and SFA were estimated, at the level of the umbilicus. Data of BMI, MS, DM and HTN were extracted from patient files. Data for MS, DM and HTN were recorded as binary variables.Outcome measures The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of MS and the association of MS, DM and HTN with gender, VFA, SFA and BMI. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant with CI of 95%.Results The prevalence of MS was 29.7%. There was a significant association of MS, DM and HTN with VFA, SFA and BMI. In gender-based analysis 48.7% of the female participants had MS. In subset analysis, 47% of male subjects in the third tertile of VFA revealed significant association with MS (p value <0.05) while only 32.7% of subjects in the obesity category of BMI had MS. SFA revealed a significant association with DM only (p value <0.5).Conclusion In conclusion, VFA shows a significant association with MS, DM and HTN. Considering these results, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to generate gender-based cut-offs for VFA for obesity screening purposes.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/7/e082095.full
spellingShingle Zainab Hussain
Aysha Habib
Zafar Sajjad
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
BMJ Open
title Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
title_full Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
title_fullStr Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
title_short Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
title_sort prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with ct based central adiposity measures a cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in pakistan
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/7/e082095.full
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AT zafarsajjad prevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeanditsassociationwithctbasedcentraladipositymeasuresacrosssectionalstudyatatertiarycarehospitalinpakistan