<i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico Analysis

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe and invariably fatal disease affecting both domestic and wild felines with limited effective therapeutic options available. By considering the significant immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E observed in both animal and human models under physiologica...

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Main Authors: Manos C. Vlasiou, Georgios Nikolaou, Kyriakos Spanoudes, Daphne E. Mavrides
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/9/424
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author Manos C. Vlasiou
Georgios Nikolaou
Kyriakos Spanoudes
Daphne E. Mavrides
author_facet Manos C. Vlasiou
Georgios Nikolaou
Kyriakos Spanoudes
Daphne E. Mavrides
author_sort Manos C. Vlasiou
collection DOAJ
description Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe and invariably fatal disease affecting both domestic and wild felines with limited effective therapeutic options available. By considering the significant immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E observed in both animal and human models under physiological and pathological conditions, we have provided a full in silico investigation of vitamin E and related compounds and their effect on the crystal structure of feline infectious peritonitis virus 3C-like protease (FIPV-3CL<sup>pro</sup>). This work revealed the <i>β</i>-tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-tocotrienol analogs as inhibitor candidates for this protein, suggesting their potential as possible drug compounds against FIP or their supplementary use with current medicines against this disease.
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spelling doaj-art-5dc8be6f7d8e41a3977f078521d43a622025-08-20T01:55:57ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-09-0111942410.3390/vetsci11090424<i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico AnalysisManos C. Vlasiou0Georgios Nikolaou1Kyriakos Spanoudes2Daphne E. Mavrides3Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, 2414 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, 2414 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, 2414 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, 2414 Nicosia, CyprusFeline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe and invariably fatal disease affecting both domestic and wild felines with limited effective therapeutic options available. By considering the significant immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E observed in both animal and human models under physiological and pathological conditions, we have provided a full in silico investigation of vitamin E and related compounds and their effect on the crystal structure of feline infectious peritonitis virus 3C-like protease (FIPV-3CL<sup>pro</sup>). This work revealed the <i>β</i>-tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-tocotrienol analogs as inhibitor candidates for this protein, suggesting their potential as possible drug compounds against FIP or their supplementary use with current medicines against this disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/9/424FIPvitamin Einhibitorsdrug discovery
spellingShingle Manos C. Vlasiou
Georgios Nikolaou
Kyriakos Spanoudes
Daphne E. Mavrides
<i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico Analysis
Veterinary Sciences
FIP
vitamin E
inhibitors
drug discovery
title <i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico Analysis
title_full <i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico Analysis
title_fullStr <i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico Analysis
title_full_unstemmed <i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico Analysis
title_short <i>β</i>-Tocotrienol and <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol as Additional Inhibitors of the Main Protease of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: An In Silico Analysis
title_sort i β i tocotrienol and i δ i tocotrienol as additional inhibitors of the main protease of feline infectious peritonitis virus an in silico analysis
topic FIP
vitamin E
inhibitors
drug discovery
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/9/424
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