Urban Tree Species Identification Based on Crown RGB Point Clouds Using Random Forest and PointNet

The management and identification of forest species in a city are essential tasks for current administrations, particularly in planning urban green spaces. However, the cost and time required are typically high. This study evaluates the potential of RGB point clouds captured by unnamed aerial vehicl...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Diego Pacheco-Prado, Esteban Bravo-López, Emanuel Martínez, Luis Á. Ruiz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/11/1863
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The management and identification of forest species in a city are essential tasks for current administrations, particularly in planning urban green spaces. However, the cost and time required are typically high. This study evaluates the potential of RGB point clouds captured by unnamed aerial vehicles (UAVs) for automating tree species classification. A dataset of 809 trees (crowns) for eight species was analyzed using a random forest classifier and deep learning with PointNet and PointNet++. In the first case, eleven variables such as the normalized red–blue difference index (NRBDI), intensity, brightness (BI), Green Leaf Index (GLI), points density (normalized), and height (maximum and percentiles 10, 50, and 90), produced the highest reliability values, with an overall accuracy of 0.70 and a Kappa index of 0.65. In the second case, the PointNet model had an overall accuracy of 0.62, and 0.64 with PointNet++; using the features Z, red, green, blue, NRBDI, intensity, and BI. Likewise, there was a high accuracy in the identification of the species <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">Populus alba</i> L., and <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">Melaleuca armillaris</i> (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm. This work contributes to a cost-effective workflow for urban tree monitoring using UAV data, comparing classical machine learning with deep learning approaches and analyzing the trade-offs.
ISSN:2072-4292