Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada
The GsGd lineage (A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) H5N1 virus was introduced to Canada in 2021/2022 through the Atlantic and East Asia-Australasia/Pacific flyways by migratory birds. This was followed by unprecedented outbreaks affecting domestic and wild birds, with spillover into other animals. Here, we...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2186608 |
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| author | Tamiru N. Alkie Sherri Cox Carissa Embury-Hyatt Brian Stevens Neil Pople Margo J. Pybus Wanhong Xu Tamiko Hisanaga Matthew Suderman Janice Koziuk Peter Kruczkiewicz Hoang Hai Nguyen Mathew Fisher Oliver Lung Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan Orie Hochman Davor Ojkic Carmencita Yason Maria Bravo-Araya Laura Bourque Trent K. Bollinger Catherine Soos Jolene Giacinti Jennifer Provencher Sarah Ogilvie Amanda Clark Robyn MacPhee Glen J. Parsons Hazel Eaglesome Sayrah Gilbert Kelsey Saboraki Richard Davis Alexandra Jerao Matthew Ginn Megan E.B. Jones Yohannes Berhane |
| author_facet | Tamiru N. Alkie Sherri Cox Carissa Embury-Hyatt Brian Stevens Neil Pople Margo J. Pybus Wanhong Xu Tamiko Hisanaga Matthew Suderman Janice Koziuk Peter Kruczkiewicz Hoang Hai Nguyen Mathew Fisher Oliver Lung Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan Orie Hochman Davor Ojkic Carmencita Yason Maria Bravo-Araya Laura Bourque Trent K. Bollinger Catherine Soos Jolene Giacinti Jennifer Provencher Sarah Ogilvie Amanda Clark Robyn MacPhee Glen J. Parsons Hazel Eaglesome Sayrah Gilbert Kelsey Saboraki Richard Davis Alexandra Jerao Matthew Ginn Megan E.B. Jones Yohannes Berhane |
| author_sort | Tamiru N. Alkie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The GsGd lineage (A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) H5N1 virus was introduced to Canada in 2021/2022 through the Atlantic and East Asia-Australasia/Pacific flyways by migratory birds. This was followed by unprecedented outbreaks affecting domestic and wild birds, with spillover into other animals. Here, we report sporadic cases of H5N1 in 40 free-living mesocarnivore species such as red foxes, striped skunks, and mink in Canada. The clinical presentations of the disease in mesocarnivores were consistent with central nervous system infection. This was supported by the presence of microscopic lesions and the presence of abundant IAV antigen by immunohistochemistry. Some red foxes that survived clinical infection developed anti-H5N1 antibodies. Phylogenetically, the H5N1 viruses from the mesocarnivore species belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and had four different genome constellation patterns. The first group of viruses had wholly Eurasian (EA) genome segments. The other three groups were reassortant viruses containing genome segments derived from both North American (NAm) and EA influenza A viruses. Almost 17 percent of the H5N1 viruses had mammalian adaptive mutations (E627 K, E627V and D701N) in the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the RNA polymerase complex. Other mutations that may favour adaptation to mammalian hosts were also present in other internal gene segments. The detection of these critical mutations in a large number of mammals within short duration after virus introduction inevitably highlights the need for continually monitoring and assessing mammalian-origin H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses for adaptive mutations, which potentially can facilitate virus replication, horizontal transmission and posing pandemic risks for humans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d9cd1d630384b6cb49ee8d782120ce7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
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| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d9cd1d630384b6cb49ee8d782120ce72025-08-20T02:24:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112110.1080/22221751.2023.2186608Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in CanadaTamiru N. Alkie0Sherri Cox1Carissa Embury-Hyatt2Brian Stevens3Neil Pople4Margo J. Pybus5Wanhong Xu6Tamiko Hisanaga7Matthew Suderman8Janice Koziuk9Peter Kruczkiewicz10Hoang Hai Nguyen11Mathew Fisher12Oliver Lung13Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan14Orie Hochman15Davor Ojkic16Carmencita Yason17Maria Bravo-Araya18Laura Bourque19Trent K. Bollinger20Catherine Soos21Jolene Giacinti22Jennifer Provencher23Sarah Ogilvie24Amanda Clark25Robyn MacPhee26Glen J. Parsons27Hazel Eaglesome28Sayrah Gilbert29Kelsey Saboraki30Richard Davis31Alexandra Jerao32Matthew Ginn33Megan E.B. Jones34Yohannes Berhane35National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaCollege of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaCanadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Guelph, CanadaVeterinary Diagnostic Services, Manitoba Agriculture, Winnipeg, CanadaFish and Wildlife, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaAnimal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaAtlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CanadaCanadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Region, Charlottetown, CanadaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, CanadaAtlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, CanadaAtlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, CanadaNova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and Renewables, Kentville, CanadaNational Wildlife Centre, Caledon, CanadaWildlife Haven Rehabilitation Centre, Île-des-Chênes, CanadaFish and Wildlife Branch, Manitoba Natural Resources and Northern Development, Gimli, CanadaFish and Wildlife Branch, Manitoba Natural Resources and Northern Development, Gimli, CanadaOffice of the Chief Veterinarian, Manitoba Agriculture, Winnipeg, CanadaPrince Edward Island Department of Environment, Energy and Climate Action, Charlottetown, CanadaCanadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Region, Charlottetown, CanadaNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, CanadaThe GsGd lineage (A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) H5N1 virus was introduced to Canada in 2021/2022 through the Atlantic and East Asia-Australasia/Pacific flyways by migratory birds. This was followed by unprecedented outbreaks affecting domestic and wild birds, with spillover into other animals. Here, we report sporadic cases of H5N1 in 40 free-living mesocarnivore species such as red foxes, striped skunks, and mink in Canada. The clinical presentations of the disease in mesocarnivores were consistent with central nervous system infection. This was supported by the presence of microscopic lesions and the presence of abundant IAV antigen by immunohistochemistry. Some red foxes that survived clinical infection developed anti-H5N1 antibodies. Phylogenetically, the H5N1 viruses from the mesocarnivore species belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and had four different genome constellation patterns. The first group of viruses had wholly Eurasian (EA) genome segments. The other three groups were reassortant viruses containing genome segments derived from both North American (NAm) and EA influenza A viruses. Almost 17 percent of the H5N1 viruses had mammalian adaptive mutations (E627 K, E627V and D701N) in the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the RNA polymerase complex. Other mutations that may favour adaptation to mammalian hosts were also present in other internal gene segments. The detection of these critical mutations in a large number of mammals within short duration after virus introduction inevitably highlights the need for continually monitoring and assessing mammalian-origin H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses for adaptive mutations, which potentially can facilitate virus replication, horizontal transmission and posing pandemic risks for humans.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2186608Clade 2.3.4.4bHPAIH5N1reassortmentmutationmammals |
| spellingShingle | Tamiru N. Alkie Sherri Cox Carissa Embury-Hyatt Brian Stevens Neil Pople Margo J. Pybus Wanhong Xu Tamiko Hisanaga Matthew Suderman Janice Koziuk Peter Kruczkiewicz Hoang Hai Nguyen Mathew Fisher Oliver Lung Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan Orie Hochman Davor Ojkic Carmencita Yason Maria Bravo-Araya Laura Bourque Trent K. Bollinger Catherine Soos Jolene Giacinti Jennifer Provencher Sarah Ogilvie Amanda Clark Robyn MacPhee Glen J. Parsons Hazel Eaglesome Sayrah Gilbert Kelsey Saboraki Richard Davis Alexandra Jerao Matthew Ginn Megan E.B. Jones Yohannes Berhane Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada Emerging Microbes and Infections Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 reassortment mutation mammals |
| title | Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada |
| title_full | Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada |
| title_short | Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada |
| title_sort | characterization of neurotropic hpai h5n1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free living mesocarnivores in canada |
| topic | Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 reassortment mutation mammals |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2186608 |
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