DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design

Abstract Many combinatorial problems can be mapped to Ising machines, i.e., networks of coupled oscillators that settle to a minimum-energy ground state, from which the problem solution is inferred. This work proposes DROID, a novel event-driven method for simulating the evolution of a CMOS Ising ma...

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Main Authors: Abhimanyu Kumar, Ramprasath S., Chris H. Kim, Ulya R. Karpuzcu, Sachin S. Sapatnekar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00037-y
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author Abhimanyu Kumar
Ramprasath S.
Chris H. Kim
Ulya R. Karpuzcu
Sachin S. Sapatnekar
author_facet Abhimanyu Kumar
Ramprasath S.
Chris H. Kim
Ulya R. Karpuzcu
Sachin S. Sapatnekar
author_sort Abhimanyu Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Many combinatorial problems can be mapped to Ising machines, i.e., networks of coupled oscillators that settle to a minimum-energy ground state, from which the problem solution is inferred. This work proposes DROID, a novel event-driven method for simulating the evolution of a CMOS Ising machine to its ground state. The approach is accurate under general delay-phase relations that include the effects of the transistor nonlinearities and is computationally efficient. On a realistic-size all-to-all coupled ring oscillator array, DROID is nearly four orders of magnitude faster than a traditional HSPICE simulation and two orders of magnitude faster than a commercial fast SPICE solver in predicting the evolution of a coupled oscillator system and is demonstrated to attain a similar distribution of solutions as the hardware.
format Article
id doaj-art-5d982c726e004b56967a0cebdee7e895
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-5d982c726e004b56967a0cebdee7e8952025-08-20T03:16:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-00037-yDROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising designAbhimanyu Kumar0Ramprasath S.1Chris H. Kim2Ulya R. Karpuzcu3Sachin S. Sapatnekar4University of MinnesotaIndian Institute of Technology MadrasUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MinnesotaAbstract Many combinatorial problems can be mapped to Ising machines, i.e., networks of coupled oscillators that settle to a minimum-energy ground state, from which the problem solution is inferred. This work proposes DROID, a novel event-driven method for simulating the evolution of a CMOS Ising machine to its ground state. The approach is accurate under general delay-phase relations that include the effects of the transistor nonlinearities and is computationally efficient. On a realistic-size all-to-all coupled ring oscillator array, DROID is nearly four orders of magnitude faster than a traditional HSPICE simulation and two orders of magnitude faster than a commercial fast SPICE solver in predicting the evolution of a coupled oscillator system and is demonstrated to attain a similar distribution of solutions as the hardware.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00037-y
spellingShingle Abhimanyu Kumar
Ramprasath S.
Chris H. Kim
Ulya R. Karpuzcu
Sachin S. Sapatnekar
DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design
Scientific Reports
title DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design
title_full DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design
title_fullStr DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design
title_full_unstemmed DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design
title_short DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design
title_sort droid discrete time simulation for ring oscillator based ising design
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00037-y
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AT ramprasaths droiddiscretetimesimulationforringoscillatorbasedisingdesign
AT chrishkim droiddiscretetimesimulationforringoscillatorbasedisingdesign
AT ulyarkarpuzcu droiddiscretetimesimulationforringoscillatorbasedisingdesign
AT sachinssapatnekar droiddiscretetimesimulationforringoscillatorbasedisingdesign