DROID: discrete-time simulation for ring-oscillator-based Ising design

Abstract Many combinatorial problems can be mapped to Ising machines, i.e., networks of coupled oscillators that settle to a minimum-energy ground state, from which the problem solution is inferred. This work proposes DROID, a novel event-driven method for simulating the evolution of a CMOS Ising ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Abhimanyu Kumar, Ramprasath S., Chris H. Kim, Ulya R. Karpuzcu, Sachin S. Sapatnekar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00037-y
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Summary:Abstract Many combinatorial problems can be mapped to Ising machines, i.e., networks of coupled oscillators that settle to a minimum-energy ground state, from which the problem solution is inferred. This work proposes DROID, a novel event-driven method for simulating the evolution of a CMOS Ising machine to its ground state. The approach is accurate under general delay-phase relations that include the effects of the transistor nonlinearities and is computationally efficient. On a realistic-size all-to-all coupled ring oscillator array, DROID is nearly four orders of magnitude faster than a traditional HSPICE simulation and two orders of magnitude faster than a commercial fast SPICE solver in predicting the evolution of a coupled oscillator system and is demonstrated to attain a similar distribution of solutions as the hardware.
ISSN:2045-2322