The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) affects up to one in five people in the UK, with persistent overeating and a sedentary lifestyle being significant risk factors. Exploring dietary patterns at a food level is a novel approach to understand associations betw...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Metabolism Open |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936825000076 |
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| author | Amina A. Alawadi Amrita Vijay Jane I. Grove Moira A. Taylor Guruprasad P. Aithal |
| author_facet | Amina A. Alawadi Amrita Vijay Jane I. Grove Moira A. Taylor Guruprasad P. Aithal |
| author_sort | Amina A. Alawadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) affects up to one in five people in the UK, with persistent overeating and a sedentary lifestyle being significant risk factors. Exploring dietary patterns at a food level is a novel approach to understand associations between diet and disease. Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study included 168 MASLD patients and 34 healthy controls from Nottingham (UK). Dietary data were collected using the EPIC-food frequency questionnaire. A food-group, tree classification method was developed which categorized 923 ingredients into three levels (main food group, sub-types, and cooking methods) and intakes were associated with clinical outcomes using logistic regression and degree of liver fibrosis using linear regression. Results: Significant associations were found for red meat intake with MASLD (OR [CI]: 1.013 [1.001–1.025]) and fibrosis (Beta [SE]: +0.048 [0.013]); intakes of nuts (OR [CI]: 0.951 [0.905–0.999]); and fish (OR [CI]: 0.985 [0.971–0.999]) with MASLD; “Cereals and cereals products”, “salt and gravy” and baked foods with fibrosis (Beta [SE]: +0.018 to +0.057 [0.005–0.23]); white and organ meat (Beta [SE]: −0.04 to −0.61 [0.015–0.249]); diet soda (OR [CI]: +0.01 [1–1.003]) and red meat intakes (OR [CI]:+0.002 [1.002–1.016]) with T2DM; wholegrain wheat, red meat, and semi-skimmed dairy intakes with hypercholesterolemia (ORs [CI]: −0.003 to −0.023 [1–1.043]); “herbs and spices” and wholegrain rice with hypercholesterolaemia (ORs [CI]: −0.08 to −0.98 [0.159–0.989); fresh herbs and boiled foods intakes with hypertension (ORs [CI]: −0.001 to −2.21 [0.013–1]). Conclusion: The study introduces a new food-group, tree classification method to characterise UK diet data and identify risk factors for MASLD, potentially informing the development of culturally applicable dietary guidelines designed to improve public health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d933fbdf43f445d861c0d69194cce6b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-9368 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Metabolism Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d933fbdf43f445d861c0d69194cce6b2025-02-06T05:12:40ZengElsevierMetabolism Open2589-93682025-03-0125100351The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK populationAmina A. Alawadi0Amrita Vijay1Jane I. Grove2Moira A. Taylor3Guruprasad P. Aithal4NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Clinical Care Research and Trials Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462 Dasman, Kuwait City, KuwaitNIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UKNIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UKNIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; The David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UKNIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Corresponding author. Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.Background: Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) affects up to one in five people in the UK, with persistent overeating and a sedentary lifestyle being significant risk factors. Exploring dietary patterns at a food level is a novel approach to understand associations between diet and disease. Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study included 168 MASLD patients and 34 healthy controls from Nottingham (UK). Dietary data were collected using the EPIC-food frequency questionnaire. A food-group, tree classification method was developed which categorized 923 ingredients into three levels (main food group, sub-types, and cooking methods) and intakes were associated with clinical outcomes using logistic regression and degree of liver fibrosis using linear regression. Results: Significant associations were found for red meat intake with MASLD (OR [CI]: 1.013 [1.001–1.025]) and fibrosis (Beta [SE]: +0.048 [0.013]); intakes of nuts (OR [CI]: 0.951 [0.905–0.999]); and fish (OR [CI]: 0.985 [0.971–0.999]) with MASLD; “Cereals and cereals products”, “salt and gravy” and baked foods with fibrosis (Beta [SE]: +0.018 to +0.057 [0.005–0.23]); white and organ meat (Beta [SE]: −0.04 to −0.61 [0.015–0.249]); diet soda (OR [CI]: +0.01 [1–1.003]) and red meat intakes (OR [CI]:+0.002 [1.002–1.016]) with T2DM; wholegrain wheat, red meat, and semi-skimmed dairy intakes with hypercholesterolemia (ORs [CI]: −0.003 to −0.023 [1–1.043]); “herbs and spices” and wholegrain rice with hypercholesterolaemia (ORs [CI]: −0.08 to −0.98 [0.159–0.989); fresh herbs and boiled foods intakes with hypertension (ORs [CI]: −0.001 to −2.21 [0.013–1]). Conclusion: The study introduces a new food-group, tree classification method to characterise UK diet data and identify risk factors for MASLD, potentially informing the development of culturally applicable dietary guidelines designed to improve public health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936825000076Fatty liver diseaseNAFLDFibrosisFood-treeEPIC food-frequency questionnaire |
| spellingShingle | Amina A. Alawadi Amrita Vijay Jane I. Grove Moira A. Taylor Guruprasad P. Aithal The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population Metabolism Open Fatty liver disease NAFLD Fibrosis Food-tree EPIC food-frequency questionnaire |
| title | The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population |
| title_full | The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population |
| title_fullStr | The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population |
| title_short | The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population |
| title_sort | development of a food group tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease masld and other health related outcomes in a uk population |
| topic | Fatty liver disease NAFLD Fibrosis Food-tree EPIC food-frequency questionnaire |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936825000076 |
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