Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic Flows

Highway exit ramps play a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of road networks. As automated vehicles progressively integrate into highways, it is essential to investigate whether these exit ramps can accommodate the safe and efficient operation of heterogeneous traffic flows....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zixuan Zhang, Zhenxing Niu, Yichen Liu, Yan Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Infrastructures
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/88
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850144035376726016
author Zixuan Zhang
Zhenxing Niu
Yichen Liu
Yan Li
author_facet Zixuan Zhang
Zhenxing Niu
Yichen Liu
Yan Li
author_sort Zixuan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Highway exit ramps play a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of road networks. As automated vehicles progressively integrate into highways, it is essential to investigate whether these exit ramps can accommodate the safe and efficient operation of heterogeneous traffic flows. This study constructed a basic simulation test using the SUMO simulation platform to analyze the adaptability of motorway exit ramps in a heterogeneous traffic environment. The simulation model incorporated the Krauss car-following model for the longitudinal dynamics of manual-driving vehicles, the ACC/CACC car-following model for automated vehicles, the LC2013 lane-changing model for manual-driving vehicles, and the game-theoretic lane-changing model for automated vehicles. The results reveal that in the absence of automated vehicles, the comprehensive cost is minimized with a deceleration lane length of 215 m, offering superior adaptability compared to the current standard of 180 m. As the proportion of automated vehicles gradually increases to surpass 40%, the rate of improvement in traffic flow, operational speed, and overall operational costs diminishes. Under these conditions, heterogeneous traffic flows exhibit limited adaptability to the existing road infrastructure. However, when the deceleration lane is extended to 200 m, the exit ramp shows optimal adaptability for heterogeneous traffic flows.
format Article
id doaj-art-5d8f715773b247bfb129ef4e990237d7
institution OA Journals
issn 2412-3811
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Infrastructures
spelling doaj-art-5d8f715773b247bfb129ef4e990237d72025-08-20T02:28:28ZengMDPI AGInfrastructures2412-38112025-04-011048810.3390/infrastructures10040088Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic FlowsZixuan Zhang0Zhenxing Niu1Yichen Liu2Yan Li3School of Transportation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaXPCC Construction & Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830002, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of lntelligent Construction and Maintenance of CAAC, Xi’an 710064, ChinaHighway exit ramps play a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of road networks. As automated vehicles progressively integrate into highways, it is essential to investigate whether these exit ramps can accommodate the safe and efficient operation of heterogeneous traffic flows. This study constructed a basic simulation test using the SUMO simulation platform to analyze the adaptability of motorway exit ramps in a heterogeneous traffic environment. The simulation model incorporated the Krauss car-following model for the longitudinal dynamics of manual-driving vehicles, the ACC/CACC car-following model for automated vehicles, the LC2013 lane-changing model for manual-driving vehicles, and the game-theoretic lane-changing model for automated vehicles. The results reveal that in the absence of automated vehicles, the comprehensive cost is minimized with a deceleration lane length of 215 m, offering superior adaptability compared to the current standard of 180 m. As the proportion of automated vehicles gradually increases to surpass 40%, the rate of improvement in traffic flow, operational speed, and overall operational costs diminishes. Under these conditions, heterogeneous traffic flows exhibit limited adaptability to the existing road infrastructure. However, when the deceleration lane is extended to 200 m, the exit ramp shows optimal adaptability for heterogeneous traffic flows.https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/88exit rampheterogeneous traffic flowtraffic flow modelSUMO simulationadaptability analysis
spellingShingle Zixuan Zhang
Zhenxing Niu
Yichen Liu
Yan Li
Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic Flows
Infrastructures
exit ramp
heterogeneous traffic flow
traffic flow model
SUMO simulation
adaptability analysis
title Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic Flows
title_full Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic Flows
title_fullStr Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic Flows
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic Flows
title_short Adaptive Analysis of Freeway Off-Ramps Incorporating Heterogeneous Traffic Flows
title_sort adaptive analysis of freeway off ramps incorporating heterogeneous traffic flows
topic exit ramp
heterogeneous traffic flow
traffic flow model
SUMO simulation
adaptability analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/88
work_keys_str_mv AT zixuanzhang adaptiveanalysisoffreewayofframpsincorporatingheterogeneoustrafficflows
AT zhenxingniu adaptiveanalysisoffreewayofframpsincorporatingheterogeneoustrafficflows
AT yichenliu adaptiveanalysisoffreewayofframpsincorporatingheterogeneoustrafficflows
AT yanli adaptiveanalysisoffreewayofframpsincorporatingheterogeneoustrafficflows