Estrogen and viral infection

Gender differences exist in the susceptibility, incidence, progression, and prognosis of diseases caused by viral infections. These differences are influenced by various factors, including lifestyle and habits between males and females. Some reports have pointed out that estrogen plays an important...

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Main Authors: Xiangrui Wei, Longyan Hong, Hao Liang, Ke Ren, Wenqing Man, Yinghui Zhao, Pengbo Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556728/full
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author Xiangrui Wei
Longyan Hong
Longyan Hong
Hao Liang
Ke Ren
Wenqing Man
Yinghui Zhao
Yinghui Zhao
Pengbo Guo
Pengbo Guo
author_facet Xiangrui Wei
Longyan Hong
Longyan Hong
Hao Liang
Ke Ren
Wenqing Man
Yinghui Zhao
Yinghui Zhao
Pengbo Guo
Pengbo Guo
author_sort Xiangrui Wei
collection DOAJ
description Gender differences exist in the susceptibility, incidence, progression, and prognosis of diseases caused by viral infections. These differences are influenced by various factors, including lifestyle and habits between males and females. Some reports have pointed out that estrogen plays an important immune-modulatory role in many viral infections. In certain viral infections, estrogen exhibits a protective and regulatory effect, while in others, it has a synergistic and promoting effect. The action of estrogen and its receptors affect the occurrence and prognosis of viral infections to some extent. This article reviews the correlation and the related mechanisms between estrogen and viral infections.
format Article
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issn 1664-3224
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-5d887f85f6b346cca22cdfe5b8d8b4a22025-08-20T01:51:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15567281556728Estrogen and viral infectionXiangrui Wei0Longyan Hong1Longyan Hong2Hao Liang3Ke Ren4Wenqing Man5Yinghui Zhao6Yinghui Zhao7Pengbo Guo8Pengbo Guo9Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaGender differences exist in the susceptibility, incidence, progression, and prognosis of diseases caused by viral infections. These differences are influenced by various factors, including lifestyle and habits between males and females. Some reports have pointed out that estrogen plays an important immune-modulatory role in many viral infections. In certain viral infections, estrogen exhibits a protective and regulatory effect, while in others, it has a synergistic and promoting effect. The action of estrogen and its receptors affect the occurrence and prognosis of viral infections to some extent. This article reviews the correlation and the related mechanisms between estrogen and viral infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556728/fullestrogengender differenceimmune responseviral infectionmolecular mechanism
spellingShingle Xiangrui Wei
Longyan Hong
Longyan Hong
Hao Liang
Ke Ren
Wenqing Man
Yinghui Zhao
Yinghui Zhao
Pengbo Guo
Pengbo Guo
Estrogen and viral infection
Frontiers in Immunology
estrogen
gender difference
immune response
viral infection
molecular mechanism
title Estrogen and viral infection
title_full Estrogen and viral infection
title_fullStr Estrogen and viral infection
title_full_unstemmed Estrogen and viral infection
title_short Estrogen and viral infection
title_sort estrogen and viral infection
topic estrogen
gender difference
immune response
viral infection
molecular mechanism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556728/full
work_keys_str_mv AT xiangruiwei estrogenandviralinfection
AT longyanhong estrogenandviralinfection
AT longyanhong estrogenandviralinfection
AT haoliang estrogenandviralinfection
AT keren estrogenandviralinfection
AT wenqingman estrogenandviralinfection
AT yinghuizhao estrogenandviralinfection
AT yinghuizhao estrogenandviralinfection
AT pengboguo estrogenandviralinfection
AT pengboguo estrogenandviralinfection