Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples
Fruit skin color and physical quality are important for customer acceptability and market value. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pneumatic defoliation on the fruit quality, coloration, and anthocyanin content of ‘Fuji’ apples. Apple trees were subjected to no defoliation (contr...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| author | Nay Myo Win Jingi Yoo Van Giap Do Sangjin Yang Soon-Il Kwon Hun-Joong Kweon Seonae Kim Youngsuk Lee In-Kyu Kang Juhyeon Park |
| author_facet | Nay Myo Win Jingi Yoo Van Giap Do Sangjin Yang Soon-Il Kwon Hun-Joong Kweon Seonae Kim Youngsuk Lee In-Kyu Kang Juhyeon Park |
| author_sort | Nay Myo Win |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fruit skin color and physical quality are important for customer acceptability and market value. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pneumatic defoliation on the fruit quality, coloration, and anthocyanin content of ‘Fuji’ apples. Apple trees were subjected to no defoliation (control) and defoliation at low (0.6 bar) and high (0.9 bar) air pressure 20 days before harvest at 1 km/h of tractor speed. High-defoliation treatment increased the leaf damage rate but did not significantly affect the defoliation rate compared to low-defoliation treatment. Additionally, photosynthetically active radiation and solar irradiance inside the tree canopies were highest in the high-defoliation group, followed by the low-defoliation and control groups. With the exception of higher firmness in the high-defoliation treatment, pneumatic defoliation treatments had little effect on fruit size and weight, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, the starch pattern index, and the sunburn incidence of fruit. Compared with that of the control group, both defoliation treatments significantly increased the <i>a</i>* and <i>C</i> values and decreased the <i>h</i><sup>o</sup> values of the fruit color. Moreover, both defoliation treatments significantly increased anthocyanin content and upregulated the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (<i>MdPAL</i>, <i>MdCHS</i>, <i>MdCHI</i>, <i>MdF3H</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, <i>MdUFGT</i>) and the transcription factor (<i>MdMYB10</i>). A Pearson′s correlation analysis also showed that anthocyanin production was strongly correlated with each of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, especially in the pneumatic defoliation treatments. Conclusively, the results show that pneumatic defoliation at low pressure bars could be an effective strategy for improving the red coloration of ‘Fuji’ apples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d674ec0ef0e4a39b19cfe18eba3de36 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d674ec0ef0e4a39b19cfe18eba3de362025-08-20T01:56:02ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-09-01149158210.3390/agriculture14091582Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ ApplesNay Myo Win0Jingi Yoo1Van Giap Do2Sangjin Yang3Soon-Il Kwon4Hun-Joong Kweon5Seonae Kim6Youngsuk Lee7In-Kyu Kang8Juhyeon Park9Apple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaApple Research Center, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Daegu 43100, Republic of KoreaFruit skin color and physical quality are important for customer acceptability and market value. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pneumatic defoliation on the fruit quality, coloration, and anthocyanin content of ‘Fuji’ apples. Apple trees were subjected to no defoliation (control) and defoliation at low (0.6 bar) and high (0.9 bar) air pressure 20 days before harvest at 1 km/h of tractor speed. High-defoliation treatment increased the leaf damage rate but did not significantly affect the defoliation rate compared to low-defoliation treatment. Additionally, photosynthetically active radiation and solar irradiance inside the tree canopies were highest in the high-defoliation group, followed by the low-defoliation and control groups. With the exception of higher firmness in the high-defoliation treatment, pneumatic defoliation treatments had little effect on fruit size and weight, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, the starch pattern index, and the sunburn incidence of fruit. Compared with that of the control group, both defoliation treatments significantly increased the <i>a</i>* and <i>C</i> values and decreased the <i>h</i><sup>o</sup> values of the fruit color. Moreover, both defoliation treatments significantly increased anthocyanin content and upregulated the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (<i>MdPAL</i>, <i>MdCHS</i>, <i>MdCHI</i>, <i>MdF3H</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, <i>MdUFGT</i>) and the transcription factor (<i>MdMYB10</i>). A Pearson′s correlation analysis also showed that anthocyanin production was strongly correlated with each of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, especially in the pneumatic defoliation treatments. Conclusively, the results show that pneumatic defoliation at low pressure bars could be an effective strategy for improving the red coloration of ‘Fuji’ apples.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/9/1582appledefoliationfruit qualityskin coloranthocyaninrelative gene expression |
| spellingShingle | Nay Myo Win Jingi Yoo Van Giap Do Sangjin Yang Soon-Il Kwon Hun-Joong Kweon Seonae Kim Youngsuk Lee In-Kyu Kang Juhyeon Park Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples Agriculture apple defoliation fruit quality skin color anthocyanin relative gene expression |
| title | Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples |
| title_full | Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples |
| title_short | Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples |
| title_sort | effects of pneumatic defoliation on fruit quality and skin coloration in fuji apples |
| topic | apple defoliation fruit quality skin color anthocyanin relative gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/9/1582 |
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