Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo type
In contrast to classical carbidic high-speed steels, carbon-free grades of the type Fe-Co-Mo(-W) obtain their strength by precipitation hardening through nm-size intermetallic µ phases; for example, (Fe,Co)7Mo6; coarser µ phases, in the low µm range, are required to prevent excessive grain growth d...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/26889277.2025.2478107 |
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| author | Herbert Danninger Elisabeth Eitenberger Klaudia Hradil Magdalena Dlapka |
| author_facet | Herbert Danninger Elisabeth Eitenberger Klaudia Hradil Magdalena Dlapka |
| author_sort | Herbert Danninger |
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| description | In contrast to classical carbidic high-speed steels, carbon-free grades of the type Fe-Co-Mo(-W) obtain their strength by precipitation hardening through nm-size intermetallic µ phases; for example, (Fe,Co)7Mo6; coarser µ phases, in the low µm range, are required to prevent excessive grain growth during solution treatment. Precipitation hardening by intermetallic phases results in hardness >65 HRC combined with considerably higher temper resistance compared to carbides, which in turn results in improved cutting performance. On the other hand, the material is relatively soft as-quenched, <35 HRC, enabling machining and to some extent also cold working, and is hardened by an isothermal heat treatment without martensite formation, which strongly benefits geometrical precision. In this study, the intermetallic phases in the systems Fe-Mo, Co-Mo, and Fe-Co-Mo were investigated by preparing specimens with varying composition from elemental powders through pressing and sintering. Metallographic sections were characterized by microscopy and SEM-EDX as well as X-ray diffraction. Composition and crystallographic structure of the intermetallic phases were determined. It showed that the materials consist entirely of bcc matrix and µ phase; the ratio Fe:Co is almost the same in both phases and reflects the nominal one. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d65f0e9fd0442e2a18e5c388721bc28 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2688-9277 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d65f0e9fd0442e2a18e5c388721bc282025-08-20T03:05:42ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEuropean Journal of Materials2688-92772025-12-015110.1080/26889277.2025.2478107Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo typeHerbert Danninger0Elisabeth Eitenberger1Klaudia Hradil2Magdalena Dlapka3Institut für Chemische Technologien und Analytik, Technische Universität Wien, Wien/Vienna, AustriaInstitut für Chemische Technologien und Analytik, Technische Universität Wien, Wien/Vienna, AustriaX-ray Center, Technische Universität Wien, Wien/Vienna, AustriaInstitut für Chemische Technologien und Analytik, Technische Universität Wien, Wien/Vienna, AustriaIn contrast to classical carbidic high-speed steels, carbon-free grades of the type Fe-Co-Mo(-W) obtain their strength by precipitation hardening through nm-size intermetallic µ phases; for example, (Fe,Co)7Mo6; coarser µ phases, in the low µm range, are required to prevent excessive grain growth during solution treatment. Precipitation hardening by intermetallic phases results in hardness >65 HRC combined with considerably higher temper resistance compared to carbides, which in turn results in improved cutting performance. On the other hand, the material is relatively soft as-quenched, <35 HRC, enabling machining and to some extent also cold working, and is hardened by an isothermal heat treatment without martensite formation, which strongly benefits geometrical precision. In this study, the intermetallic phases in the systems Fe-Mo, Co-Mo, and Fe-Co-Mo were investigated by preparing specimens with varying composition from elemental powders through pressing and sintering. Metallographic sections were characterized by microscopy and SEM-EDX as well as X-ray diffraction. Composition and crystallographic structure of the intermetallic phases were determined. It showed that the materials consist entirely of bcc matrix and µ phase; the ratio Fe:Co is almost the same in both phases and reflects the nominal one.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/26889277.2025.2478107High speed steelsprecipitation hardeningintermetallic phasesphase analysis |
| spellingShingle | Herbert Danninger Elisabeth Eitenberger Klaudia Hradil Magdalena Dlapka Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo type European Journal of Materials High speed steels precipitation hardening intermetallic phases phase analysis |
| title | Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo type |
| title_full | Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo type |
| title_fullStr | Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo type |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo type |
| title_short | Intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon-free PM high-speed steels of the Fe-Co-Mo type |
| title_sort | intermetallic phases and element distribution in carbon free pm high speed steels of the fe co mo type |
| topic | High speed steels precipitation hardening intermetallic phases phase analysis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/26889277.2025.2478107 |
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