Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese cities

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a critical enabler of climate mitigation. However, its spatial and temporal impacts remain insufficiently understood. Using balanced panel data from 279 Chinese cities (2006–2019), this study examines how AI (measured by robot adoption) affects carbon emis...

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Main Authors: Lu Liu, Chenjing Yan, Ping Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf866
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author Lu Liu
Chenjing Yan
Ping Wang
author_facet Lu Liu
Chenjing Yan
Ping Wang
author_sort Lu Liu
collection DOAJ
description Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a critical enabler of climate mitigation. However, its spatial and temporal impacts remain insufficiently understood. Using balanced panel data from 279 Chinese cities (2006–2019), this study examines how AI (measured by robot adoption) affects carbon emission intensity. We apply the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to uncover heterogeneous impacts. The results indicate that AI significantly reduces carbon emission intensity, thus contributing to climate mitigation. Nonetheless, the magnitude of this effect varies substantially across cities. The mitigation benefits are more pronounced in cities with limited natural resources, those located within the five major economic zones, and non-traditional industrial centers. These patterns reflect the presence of a ‘natural resource curse’ in resource-rich cities and a ‘social resource blessing’ in socially advantaged regions. The GTWR results further reveal pronounced spatial disparities, with eastern cities experiencing greater reductions in carbon intensity than those in the west. Over time, this spatial imbalance has been narrowing, indicating a gradual convergence in AI’s climate mitigation effects. These findings underscore the importance for regionally differentiated AI development strategies and policy interventions to reduce spatial inequities in mitigation capacity. The study provides robust empirical evidence from China, offering new insights into AI’s potential to support equitable and effective climate action on a global scale.
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spelling doaj-art-5d612363a19f473592ca1cdc8226ef722025-08-20T04:01:18ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262025-01-0120909403010.1088/1748-9326/adf866Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese citiesLu Liu0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2004-403XChenjing Yan1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0743-1869Ping Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-9630School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics , Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics , Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics , Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of ChinaArtificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a critical enabler of climate mitigation. However, its spatial and temporal impacts remain insufficiently understood. Using balanced panel data from 279 Chinese cities (2006–2019), this study examines how AI (measured by robot adoption) affects carbon emission intensity. We apply the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to uncover heterogeneous impacts. The results indicate that AI significantly reduces carbon emission intensity, thus contributing to climate mitigation. Nonetheless, the magnitude of this effect varies substantially across cities. The mitigation benefits are more pronounced in cities with limited natural resources, those located within the five major economic zones, and non-traditional industrial centers. These patterns reflect the presence of a ‘natural resource curse’ in resource-rich cities and a ‘social resource blessing’ in socially advantaged regions. The GTWR results further reveal pronounced spatial disparities, with eastern cities experiencing greater reductions in carbon intensity than those in the west. Over time, this spatial imbalance has been narrowing, indicating a gradual convergence in AI’s climate mitigation effects. These findings underscore the importance for regionally differentiated AI development strategies and policy interventions to reduce spatial inequities in mitigation capacity. The study provides robust empirical evidence from China, offering new insights into AI’s potential to support equitable and effective climate action on a global scale.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf866artificial intelligenceclimate mitigationcarbon emission intensityspatial imbalancedynamic evolution
spellingShingle Lu Liu
Chenjing Yan
Ping Wang
Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese cities
Environmental Research Letters
artificial intelligence
climate mitigation
carbon emission intensity
spatial imbalance
dynamic evolution
title Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese cities
title_full Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese cities
title_fullStr Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese cities
title_full_unstemmed Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese cities
title_short Can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change? Spatiotemporal evidence from Chinese cities
title_sort can artificial intelligence equitably mitigate climate change spatiotemporal evidence from chinese cities
topic artificial intelligence
climate mitigation
carbon emission intensity
spatial imbalance
dynamic evolution
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf866
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