Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps
Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the few veterinary pathogens that defines policy and global trade in animal products. Its prominence necessitates approaches to control that integrate the multiple factors contributing to the disease’s biology and transmission characteristics. C...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01561-5 |
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| author | John M. Humphreys Carolina Stenfeldt Donald P. King Theodore Knight-Jones Andres M. Perez Kimberly VanderWaal Michael W. Sanderson Antonello Di Nardo Wudu T. Jemberu Nakarin Pamornchainavakul Jonathan Arzt |
| author_facet | John M. Humphreys Carolina Stenfeldt Donald P. King Theodore Knight-Jones Andres M. Perez Kimberly VanderWaal Michael W. Sanderson Antonello Di Nardo Wudu T. Jemberu Nakarin Pamornchainavakul Jonathan Arzt |
| author_sort | John M. Humphreys |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the few veterinary pathogens that defines policy and global trade in animal products. Its prominence necessitates approaches to control that integrate the multiple factors contributing to the disease’s biology and transmission characteristics. Central to this concept is the epidemiological FMD status (endemic or FMD-free, with or without vaccination) of a territory, which defines access to export markets. FMD epidemiology is complex, insufficiently understood, and intertwined with the biology of the virus (multiple serotypes and subtypes), global distribution (distinct regional virus pools), pathogenesis (subclinical infections and species differences), and host range (broad range of susceptible domestic and wild animals). Despite steady advances, critical knowledge gaps persist in FMD epidemiology that undermine the optimal control of FMD. This review summarizes the distinct thematic compartments of FMD epidemiology and presents the critical knowledge gaps that continue to limit the effectiveness of global, regional, and national initiatives to control and eradicate FMD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d55d740e2c64274a2a76043de96f5ec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d55d740e2c64274a2a76043de96f5ec2025-08-20T04:02:55ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162025-07-0156112510.1186/s13567-025-01561-5Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gapsJohn M. Humphreys0Carolina Stenfeldt1Donald P. King2Theodore Knight-Jones3Andres M. Perez4Kimberly VanderWaal5Michael W. Sanderson6Antonello Di Nardo7Wudu T. Jemberu8Nakarin Pamornchainavakul9Jonathan Arzt10Agricultural Research Service, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, U.S. Department of AgricultureThe Pirbright InstituteInternational Livestock Research InstituteVeterinary Population Medicine, University of MinnesotaVeterinary Population Medicine, University of MinnesotaCenter for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Kansas State UniversityThe Pirbright InstituteInternational Livestock Research InstituteVeterinary Population Medicine, University of MinnesotaAgricultural Research Service, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, U.S. Department of AgricultureAbstract Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the few veterinary pathogens that defines policy and global trade in animal products. Its prominence necessitates approaches to control that integrate the multiple factors contributing to the disease’s biology and transmission characteristics. Central to this concept is the epidemiological FMD status (endemic or FMD-free, with or without vaccination) of a territory, which defines access to export markets. FMD epidemiology is complex, insufficiently understood, and intertwined with the biology of the virus (multiple serotypes and subtypes), global distribution (distinct regional virus pools), pathogenesis (subclinical infections and species differences), and host range (broad range of susceptible domestic and wild animals). Despite steady advances, critical knowledge gaps persist in FMD epidemiology that undermine the optimal control of FMD. This review summarizes the distinct thematic compartments of FMD epidemiology and presents the critical knowledge gaps that continue to limit the effectiveness of global, regional, and national initiatives to control and eradicate FMD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01561-5Foot-and-mouth diseaseFMDepidemiologyglobal trendspathogenesismolecular |
| spellingShingle | John M. Humphreys Carolina Stenfeldt Donald P. King Theodore Knight-Jones Andres M. Perez Kimberly VanderWaal Michael W. Sanderson Antonello Di Nardo Wudu T. Jemberu Nakarin Pamornchainavakul Jonathan Arzt Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps Veterinary Research Foot-and-mouth disease FMD epidemiology global trends pathogenesis molecular |
| title | Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps |
| title_full | Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps |
| title_short | Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps |
| title_sort | epidemiology and economics of foot and mouth disease current understanding and knowledge gaps |
| topic | Foot-and-mouth disease FMD epidemiology global trends pathogenesis molecular |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01561-5 |
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