Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the Netherlands

Farming significantly influences public goods (PGs) like water quality and biodiversity, both positively and negatively. Balancing sustainable PG delivery with short-term profitability is challenging. This study examines agri-environmental contracts in the Netherlands through a web-based search of g...

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Main Authors: Kina S. Harmanny, Peter Verburg, Catharina Schulp
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14735903.2025.2524258
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author Kina S. Harmanny
Peter Verburg
Catharina Schulp
author_facet Kina S. Harmanny
Peter Verburg
Catharina Schulp
author_sort Kina S. Harmanny
collection DOAJ
description Farming significantly influences public goods (PGs) like water quality and biodiversity, both positively and negatively. Balancing sustainable PG delivery with short-term profitability is challenging. This study examines agri-environmental contracts in the Netherlands through a web-based search of grey literature. We gathered data on 137 agri-environmental contracts, reporting on PG delivery 294 times. The PG biodiversity was reported most frequently to be targeted by contracts (40%) followed by the PG agricultural landscapes and recreation (15%). We found various actors involved, particularly private ones, who are underrepresented in the literature and need more attention. Contrary to the preference for result-based contracts, 48% is input-based. In 68% of cases, monetary payments motivate participation, but tools like knowledge sharing are also reported. In 25% of the contracts, monitoring of results was not reported and effects on PG delivery were barely described. Furthermore, unexpected positive or negative spill-over effects of management practices on different PGs are not considered, risking counter effective outcomes. This study provides the first comprehensive national-level overview of contracts identifying current uptake of contracts and gaps therein, revealing a clear discrepancy between contract status and recent research on the topic. A better understanding of contract characteristics is vital for effective PG delivery in agriculture.
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spelling doaj-art-5d467a1ee3fb4e829a5bf8e45f3aabd62025-08-20T02:38:26ZengTaylor & Francis GroupInternational Journal of Agricultural Sustainability1473-59031747-762X2025-12-0123110.1080/14735903.2025.2524258Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the NetherlandsKina S. Harmanny0Peter Verburg1Catharina Schulp2Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEnvironmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEnvironmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsFarming significantly influences public goods (PGs) like water quality and biodiversity, both positively and negatively. Balancing sustainable PG delivery with short-term profitability is challenging. This study examines agri-environmental contracts in the Netherlands through a web-based search of grey literature. We gathered data on 137 agri-environmental contracts, reporting on PG delivery 294 times. The PG biodiversity was reported most frequently to be targeted by contracts (40%) followed by the PG agricultural landscapes and recreation (15%). We found various actors involved, particularly private ones, who are underrepresented in the literature and need more attention. Contrary to the preference for result-based contracts, 48% is input-based. In 68% of cases, monetary payments motivate participation, but tools like knowledge sharing are also reported. In 25% of the contracts, monitoring of results was not reported and effects on PG delivery were barely described. Furthermore, unexpected positive or negative spill-over effects of management practices on different PGs are not considered, risking counter effective outcomes. This study provides the first comprehensive national-level overview of contracts identifying current uptake of contracts and gaps therein, revealing a clear discrepancy between contract status and recent research on the topic. A better understanding of contract characteristics is vital for effective PG delivery in agriculture.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14735903.2025.2524258Sustainable agricultureagricultural contractsAESbiodiversitypublic goodsecosystem services
spellingShingle Kina S. Harmanny
Peter Verburg
Catharina Schulp
Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the Netherlands
International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture
agricultural contracts
AES
biodiversity
public goods
ecosystem services
title Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the Netherlands
title_full Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the Netherlands
title_fullStr Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the Netherlands
title_short Assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the Netherlands
title_sort assessing contract solutions for agricultural public goods in the netherlands
topic Sustainable agriculture
agricultural contracts
AES
biodiversity
public goods
ecosystem services
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14735903.2025.2524258
work_keys_str_mv AT kinasharmanny assessingcontractsolutionsforagriculturalpublicgoodsinthenetherlands
AT peterverburg assessingcontractsolutionsforagriculturalpublicgoodsinthenetherlands
AT catharinaschulp assessingcontractsolutionsforagriculturalpublicgoodsinthenetherlands