Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan Plateau

Downward shortwave radiation (DSR) to the Earth’s surface is an essential renewable energy component. Accurate knowledge of solar radiation, i.e., solar energy resource assessment, is a prior requirement for the development of the solar energy industry. In the framework of solar resource assessment,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lianlian Ye, Mengqi Liu, Disong Fu, Hao Wu, Hongrong Shi, Chunlin Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1720
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850125947845476352
author Lianlian Ye
Mengqi Liu
Disong Fu
Hao Wu
Hongrong Shi
Chunlin Huang
author_facet Lianlian Ye
Mengqi Liu
Disong Fu
Hao Wu
Hongrong Shi
Chunlin Huang
author_sort Lianlian Ye
collection DOAJ
description Downward shortwave radiation (DSR) to the Earth’s surface is an essential renewable energy component. Accurate knowledge of solar radiation, i.e., solar energy resource assessment, is a prior requirement for the development of the solar energy industry. In the framework of solar resource assessment, site adaptation refers to leveraging short-term, high-quality ground-based observations as unbiased references to correct long-term, site-specific gridded model datasets, which has been playing an important role in this research area. This study evaluates 12 probabilistic site adaptation (PSA) methods for the correction of the hourly DSR data from multiple gridded DSR products in the Western Sichuan Plateau (WSP). Surface pyranometer observations are used as the reference to adapt predictions from two satellite products and two reanalysis products, collectively. Systematic quantification reveals inherent errors with root mean square errors (RMSEs) > 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> across all datasets. Through a comparative evaluation of three methodological categories (benchmarking, parametric/non-parametric, and quantile combination approaches), it is demonstrated that quantile-based ensemble methods achieve superior performance. The median ensemble (MED) method delivers optimal error reduction (RMSE: 163.97 W/m<sup>2</sup>, nRMSE: 34.43%). The resulting optimal dataset, with a temporal resolution of 1 h and a spatial resolution of 0.05° × 0.05°, identifies the WSP as a region of exceptional energy potential, characterized by substantial annual total solar radiation (1593.10 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/yr) and a stable temporal distribution (negative correlation between the total solar radiation and the coefficient of variation). This methodological framework provides actionable insights for solar resource optimization in complex terrains.
format Article
id doaj-art-5d43a5e9d5e644edb22951badbbc331c
institution OA Journals
issn 2072-4292
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-5d43a5e9d5e644edb22951badbbc331c2025-08-20T02:34:01ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-05-011710172010.3390/rs17101720Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan PlateauLianlian Ye0Mengqi Liu1Disong Fu2Hao Wu3Hongrong Shi4Chunlin Huang5Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaKey Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaInstitute of Light Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaDownward shortwave radiation (DSR) to the Earth’s surface is an essential renewable energy component. Accurate knowledge of solar radiation, i.e., solar energy resource assessment, is a prior requirement for the development of the solar energy industry. In the framework of solar resource assessment, site adaptation refers to leveraging short-term, high-quality ground-based observations as unbiased references to correct long-term, site-specific gridded model datasets, which has been playing an important role in this research area. This study evaluates 12 probabilistic site adaptation (PSA) methods for the correction of the hourly DSR data from multiple gridded DSR products in the Western Sichuan Plateau (WSP). Surface pyranometer observations are used as the reference to adapt predictions from two satellite products and two reanalysis products, collectively. Systematic quantification reveals inherent errors with root mean square errors (RMSEs) > 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> across all datasets. Through a comparative evaluation of three methodological categories (benchmarking, parametric/non-parametric, and quantile combination approaches), it is demonstrated that quantile-based ensemble methods achieve superior performance. The median ensemble (MED) method delivers optimal error reduction (RMSE: 163.97 W/m<sup>2</sup>, nRMSE: 34.43%). The resulting optimal dataset, with a temporal resolution of 1 h and a spatial resolution of 0.05° × 0.05°, identifies the WSP as a region of exceptional energy potential, characterized by substantial annual total solar radiation (1593.10 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/yr) and a stable temporal distribution (negative correlation between the total solar radiation and the coefficient of variation). This methodological framework provides actionable insights for solar resource optimization in complex terrains.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1720solar radiationprobabilistic site adaptationprobabilistic forecastingdata fusion
spellingShingle Lianlian Ye
Mengqi Liu
Disong Fu
Hao Wu
Hongrong Shi
Chunlin Huang
Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan Plateau
Remote Sensing
solar radiation
probabilistic site adaptation
probabilistic forecasting
data fusion
title Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan Plateau
title_full Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan Plateau
title_fullStr Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan Plateau
title_full_unstemmed Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan Plateau
title_short Probabilistic Site Adaptation for High-Accuracy Solar Radiation Datasets in the Western Sichuan Plateau
title_sort probabilistic site adaptation for high accuracy solar radiation datasets in the western sichuan plateau
topic solar radiation
probabilistic site adaptation
probabilistic forecasting
data fusion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1720
work_keys_str_mv AT lianlianye probabilisticsiteadaptationforhighaccuracysolarradiationdatasetsinthewesternsichuanplateau
AT mengqiliu probabilisticsiteadaptationforhighaccuracysolarradiationdatasetsinthewesternsichuanplateau
AT disongfu probabilisticsiteadaptationforhighaccuracysolarradiationdatasetsinthewesternsichuanplateau
AT haowu probabilisticsiteadaptationforhighaccuracysolarradiationdatasetsinthewesternsichuanplateau
AT hongrongshi probabilisticsiteadaptationforhighaccuracysolarradiationdatasetsinthewesternsichuanplateau
AT chunlinhuang probabilisticsiteadaptationforhighaccuracysolarradiationdatasetsinthewesternsichuanplateau