Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire

Abstract Ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (UA-CMP) can greatly improve the sapphire material removal and surface quality, but its polishing mechanism is still unclear. This paper proposed a novel model of material removal rate (MRR) to explore the mechanism of sapphire UA-CMP. It co...

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Main Authors: Mufang Zhou, Min Zhong, Wenhu Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tsinghua University Press 2023-02-01
Series:Friction
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0713-7
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author Mufang Zhou
Min Zhong
Wenhu Xu
author_facet Mufang Zhou
Min Zhong
Wenhu Xu
author_sort Mufang Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (UA-CMP) can greatly improve the sapphire material removal and surface quality, but its polishing mechanism is still unclear. This paper proposed a novel model of material removal rate (MRR) to explore the mechanism of sapphire UA-CMP. It contains two modes, namely two-body wear and abrasive-impact. Furthermore, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) in-situ study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, and polishing experiments were conducted to verify the model and reveal the polishing mechanism. In the AFM in-situ studies, the tip scratched the reaction layer on the sapphire surface. The pit with a 0.22 nm depth is the evidence of two-body wear. The CFD simulation showed that abrasives could be driven by the ultrasonic vibration to impact the sapphire surface at high frequencies. The maximum total velocity and the air volume fraction (AVF) in the central area increased from 0.26 to 0.55 m/s and 20% to 49%, respectively, with the rising amplitudes of 1–3 µm. However, the maximum total velocity rose slightly from 0.33 to 0.42 m/s, and the AVF was nearly unchanged under 40–80 r/min. It indicated that the ultrasonic energy has great effects on the abrasive-impact mode. The UA-CMP experimental results exhibited that there was 63.7% improvement in MRR when the polishing velocities rose from 40 to 80 r/min. The roughness of the polished sapphire surface was R a = 0.07 nm. It identified that the higher speed achieved greater MRR mainly through the two-body wear mode. This study is beneficial to further understanding the UA-CMP mechanism and promoting the development of UA-CMP technology.
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spelling doaj-art-5d3e52e9bd194f7782504c5d910c29fa2025-08-20T03:34:42ZengTsinghua University PressFriction2223-76902223-77042023-02-0111112073209010.1007/s40544-022-0713-7Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphireMufang Zhou0Min Zhong1Wenhu Xu2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang UniversityAbstract Ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (UA-CMP) can greatly improve the sapphire material removal and surface quality, but its polishing mechanism is still unclear. This paper proposed a novel model of material removal rate (MRR) to explore the mechanism of sapphire UA-CMP. It contains two modes, namely two-body wear and abrasive-impact. Furthermore, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) in-situ study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, and polishing experiments were conducted to verify the model and reveal the polishing mechanism. In the AFM in-situ studies, the tip scratched the reaction layer on the sapphire surface. The pit with a 0.22 nm depth is the evidence of two-body wear. The CFD simulation showed that abrasives could be driven by the ultrasonic vibration to impact the sapphire surface at high frequencies. The maximum total velocity and the air volume fraction (AVF) in the central area increased from 0.26 to 0.55 m/s and 20% to 49%, respectively, with the rising amplitudes of 1–3 µm. However, the maximum total velocity rose slightly from 0.33 to 0.42 m/s, and the AVF was nearly unchanged under 40–80 r/min. It indicated that the ultrasonic energy has great effects on the abrasive-impact mode. The UA-CMP experimental results exhibited that there was 63.7% improvement in MRR when the polishing velocities rose from 40 to 80 r/min. The roughness of the polished sapphire surface was R a = 0.07 nm. It identified that the higher speed achieved greater MRR mainly through the two-body wear mode. This study is beneficial to further understanding the UA-CMP mechanism and promoting the development of UA-CMP technology.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0713-7sapphireultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (UA-CMP)material removal rate (MRR) predictive modelatomic force microscopy (AFM) in-situ studiescomputational fluid dynamics (CFD)
spellingShingle Mufang Zhou
Min Zhong
Wenhu Xu
Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire
Friction
sapphire
ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (UA-CMP)
material removal rate (MRR) predictive model
atomic force microscopy (AFM) in-situ studies
computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
title Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire
title_full Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire
title_fullStr Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire
title_full_unstemmed Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire
title_short Novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire
title_sort novel model of material removal rate on ultrasonic assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire
topic sapphire
ultrasonic-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (UA-CMP)
material removal rate (MRR) predictive model
atomic force microscopy (AFM) in-situ studies
computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0713-7
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