Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives

Abstract Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with morbidity, mortality, and increased costs. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of SSIs and approximately 30% of hemodialysis patients carry this organism in their nares. Unlike mupirocin, intranasal povidone-iodine (P...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: AM Racila, Erin C. Balkenende, Loreen A. Herwaldt, Michael C. Willey, Linda D. Boyken, Jean G. Pottinger, Brennan S. Ayres, Kimberly C. Dukes, Melissa A. Ward, Marin L. Schweizer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01526-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849389534907727872
author AM Racila
Erin C. Balkenende
Loreen A. Herwaldt
Michael C. Willey
Linda D. Boyken
Jean G. Pottinger
Brennan S. Ayres
Kimberly C. Dukes
Melissa A. Ward
Marin L. Schweizer
author_facet AM Racila
Erin C. Balkenende
Loreen A. Herwaldt
Michael C. Willey
Linda D. Boyken
Jean G. Pottinger
Brennan S. Ayres
Kimberly C. Dukes
Melissa A. Ward
Marin L. Schweizer
author_sort AM Racila
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with morbidity, mortality, and increased costs. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of SSIs and approximately 30% of hemodialysis patients carry this organism in their nares. Unlike mupirocin, intranasal povidone-iodine (PVI) is applied only the day of surgery to prevent surgical site infections. Thus, intranasal PVI could be valuable in orthopedic trauma surgery settings where time to prepare a patient for surgery is limited. Methods We conducted a small phase IV post-marketing study from 2020 to 2021 in an academically affiliated hospital wherein staff administered intranasal PVI pre- and post-operatively to consenting patients undergoing orthopedic fixation procedures for traumatic fractures. Before implementing the PVI intervention, we conducted a human factors task analysis to determine the optimal time and hospital location to perform PVI decolonization for patients receiving these orthopedic fixation procedures. After the post-marketing study was completed, we conducted qualitative interviews with healthcare staff to determine barriers and facilitators that could affect staff members’ likelihood of administering PVI to patients. We aligned our inductive interview findings with strategies defined in Powell and colleagues’ Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) framework to facilitate generalizability and standardized reporting of implementation strategies. Results Our human factors task analysis identified the Day of Surgery Admissions (DOSA) as the appropriate context for PVI administration within surgical workflow, as there was downtime during this period and direct patient-provider communication could occur. Two DOSA nurses, one postoperative nurse, and one orthopedic trauma surgeon agreed to be interviewed. Facilitators of intranasal PVI administration included emphasizing the non-invasiveness of PVI nasal swabs to patients and emphasizing intranasal PVI efficacy to staff and patients. While the nurse participants felt that having PVI orders with other medication orders in the EMR helped them identify patients enrolled in the study and who required PVI, entering these orders increased the surgeon’s workflow and presented a time barrier. Conclusions Macro- and micro-level contextual factors should be considered when tailoring implementation to healthcare settings. Our findings reinforce prior work demonstrating the value of incorporating human factors engineering methodologies into infection control and prevention implementation approaches.
format Article
id doaj-art-5d3574e38bdf4ee8a75eed4f1482841e
institution Kabale University
issn 2047-2994
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
spelling doaj-art-5d3574e38bdf4ee8a75eed4f1482841e2025-08-20T03:41:57ZengBMCAntimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control2047-29942025-02-011411610.1186/s13756-025-01526-5Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectivesAM Racila0Erin C. Balkenende1Loreen A. Herwaldt2Michael C. Willey3Linda D. Boyken4Jean G. Pottinger5Brennan S. Ayres6Kimberly C. Dukes7Melissa A. Ward8Marin L. Schweizer9Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineCenter for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City VA Health Care SystemDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineDivision of Infectious Disease, University of WisconsinAbstract Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with morbidity, mortality, and increased costs. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of SSIs and approximately 30% of hemodialysis patients carry this organism in their nares. Unlike mupirocin, intranasal povidone-iodine (PVI) is applied only the day of surgery to prevent surgical site infections. Thus, intranasal PVI could be valuable in orthopedic trauma surgery settings where time to prepare a patient for surgery is limited. Methods We conducted a small phase IV post-marketing study from 2020 to 2021 in an academically affiliated hospital wherein staff administered intranasal PVI pre- and post-operatively to consenting patients undergoing orthopedic fixation procedures for traumatic fractures. Before implementing the PVI intervention, we conducted a human factors task analysis to determine the optimal time and hospital location to perform PVI decolonization for patients receiving these orthopedic fixation procedures. After the post-marketing study was completed, we conducted qualitative interviews with healthcare staff to determine barriers and facilitators that could affect staff members’ likelihood of administering PVI to patients. We aligned our inductive interview findings with strategies defined in Powell and colleagues’ Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) framework to facilitate generalizability and standardized reporting of implementation strategies. Results Our human factors task analysis identified the Day of Surgery Admissions (DOSA) as the appropriate context for PVI administration within surgical workflow, as there was downtime during this period and direct patient-provider communication could occur. Two DOSA nurses, one postoperative nurse, and one orthopedic trauma surgeon agreed to be interviewed. Facilitators of intranasal PVI administration included emphasizing the non-invasiveness of PVI nasal swabs to patients and emphasizing intranasal PVI efficacy to staff and patients. While the nurse participants felt that having PVI orders with other medication orders in the EMR helped them identify patients enrolled in the study and who required PVI, entering these orders increased the surgeon’s workflow and presented a time barrier. Conclusions Macro- and micro-level contextual factors should be considered when tailoring implementation to healthcare settings. Our findings reinforce prior work demonstrating the value of incorporating human factors engineering methodologies into infection control and prevention implementation approaches.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01526-5
spellingShingle AM Racila
Erin C. Balkenende
Loreen A. Herwaldt
Michael C. Willey
Linda D. Boyken
Jean G. Pottinger
Brennan S. Ayres
Kimberly C. Dukes
Melissa A. Ward
Marin L. Schweizer
Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
title Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives
title_full Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives
title_fullStr Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives
title_short Implementing intranasal povidone-iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections: a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives
title_sort implementing intranasal povidone iodine in the orthopedic trauma surgery setting to prevent surgical site infections a qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01526-5
work_keys_str_mv AT amracila implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT erincbalkenende implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT loreenaherwaldt implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT michaelcwilley implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT lindadboyken implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT jeangpottinger implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT brennansayres implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT kimberlycdukes implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT melissaaward implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives
AT marinlschweizer implementingintranasalpovidoneiodineintheorthopedictraumasurgerysettingtopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionsaqualitativestudyofhealthcareproviderperspectives