Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement Mortar
Recent studies have shown the viability of low-grade calcined clays as a partial substitute for cement in construction applications. However, there is limited information about the performance of low-grade calcined clay in withstanding chloride-rich environments. This paper investigates the durabili...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Kwabena Boakye Morteza Khorami |
| author_facet | Kwabena Boakye Morteza Khorami |
| author_sort | Kwabena Boakye |
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| description | Recent studies have shown the viability of low-grade calcined clays as a partial substitute for cement in construction applications. However, there is limited information about the performance of low-grade calcined clay in withstanding chloride-rich environments. This paper investigates the durability performance of mortar prepared by partially substituting cement with low-grade calcined clay. Naturally occurring clay having a kaolinite content of 17% was calcined at 900 °C, blended and used to prepare composite cement samples containing up to 40% by weight low-grade calcined clay. Durability studies were conducted using the rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), freeze and thaw, sorptivity, permeable porosity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and autogenous shrinkage. The incorporation of calcined clay resulted in significant improvements in durability properties, including reductions in sorptivity, permeable porosity, and chloride ion penetration. Additionally, enhanced freeze–thaw resistance was observed, indicating the ability of calcined clays to mitigate deterioration under harsh environmental conditions. These improvements in durability translate to extended service life and reduced maintenance requirements for concrete structures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d2ec163a8d149b5aa332a15bb3a7df7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5d2ec163a8d149b5aa332a15bb3a7df72025-08-20T02:17:00ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-04-01157115910.3390/buildings15071159Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement MortarKwabena Boakye0Morteza Khorami1Civil Engineering Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSchool of Energy, Construction & Environment, College of Engineering, Environment and Science Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UKRecent studies have shown the viability of low-grade calcined clays as a partial substitute for cement in construction applications. However, there is limited information about the performance of low-grade calcined clay in withstanding chloride-rich environments. This paper investigates the durability performance of mortar prepared by partially substituting cement with low-grade calcined clay. Naturally occurring clay having a kaolinite content of 17% was calcined at 900 °C, blended and used to prepare composite cement samples containing up to 40% by weight low-grade calcined clay. Durability studies were conducted using the rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), freeze and thaw, sorptivity, permeable porosity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and autogenous shrinkage. The incorporation of calcined clay resulted in significant improvements in durability properties, including reductions in sorptivity, permeable porosity, and chloride ion penetration. Additionally, enhanced freeze–thaw resistance was observed, indicating the ability of calcined clays to mitigate deterioration under harsh environmental conditions. These improvements in durability translate to extended service life and reduced maintenance requirements for concrete structures.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1159low-grade calcined clayfreeze and thawpermeabilitydurabilitysorptivitychloride ion ingress |
| spellingShingle | Kwabena Boakye Morteza Khorami Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement Mortar Buildings low-grade calcined clay freeze and thaw permeability durability sorptivity chloride ion ingress |
| title | Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement Mortar |
| title_full | Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement Mortar |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement Mortar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement Mortar |
| title_short | Effect of Low-Grade Calcined Clay on the Durability Performance of Blended Cement Mortar |
| title_sort | effect of low grade calcined clay on the durability performance of blended cement mortar |
| topic | low-grade calcined clay freeze and thaw permeability durability sorptivity chloride ion ingress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1159 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kwabenaboakye effectoflowgradecalcinedclayonthedurabilityperformanceofblendedcementmortar AT mortezakhorami effectoflowgradecalcinedclayonthedurabilityperformanceofblendedcementmortar |