High rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Sub-Saharan Africa is a significant health threat, with limited data guide treatment. This study investigates multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in rural Tanzania to guide empirical treatment strategies. Meth...

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Main Authors: Magreth Erick Macha, Philipp Kohler, Anja Bösch, Honorathy Msami Urassa, Weihong Qi, Salome N. Seiffert, Sabine Haller, Erin West, Maja Weisser Rohacek, Baharak Babouee Flury
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01557-y
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author Magreth Erick Macha
Philipp Kohler
Anja Bösch
Honorathy Msami Urassa
Weihong Qi
Salome N. Seiffert
Sabine Haller
Erin West
Maja Weisser Rohacek
Baharak Babouee Flury
author_facet Magreth Erick Macha
Philipp Kohler
Anja Bösch
Honorathy Msami Urassa
Weihong Qi
Salome N. Seiffert
Sabine Haller
Erin West
Maja Weisser Rohacek
Baharak Babouee Flury
author_sort Magreth Erick Macha
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Sub-Saharan Africa is a significant health threat, with limited data guide treatment. This study investigates multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in rural Tanzania to guide empirical treatment strategies. Methods A cross-sectional prospective study of adults with UTIs was conducted at St. Francis Regional Referral Hospital in Ifakara, Tanzania, from September 2021 to August 2023. Urine culture isolates underwent routine diagnostics in Tanzania and E. coli isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing in Switzerland. Results Of 1055 patients, 248 (23.5%) had positive urine cultures, with E. coli as predominant pathogen (n = 87; 55.7%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-E) was identified in 20 (23.0%) isolates, primarily sequence type ST167 carrying CTX-M-27. All ESBL-E cases (20/20, 100.0%) and half of non-ESBL-E cases (29/58, 50.0%) received empiric antibiotics to which the isolates were documented as resistant. ESBL-E showed higher resistance to cotrimoxazole (100.0%) and ciprofloxacin (90.0%) latter recommended for complicated UTIs in Tanzania’s Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG) compared to non-ESBL-E. All ESBL-E isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, as recommended by STG for uncomplicated UTIs, and fosfomycin showed potential alternative for complicated cases. Conclusion Nearly one-quarter of E. coli isolates causing UTIs were ESBL-E, predominantly ST167 harboring bla CTX−M−27. Notably, nitrofurantoin remained effective for uncomplicated UTIs, similarly, fosfomycin emerged as a viable alternative. However, ciprofloxacin, despite being recommended in local guidelines for complicated UTIs, showed no efficacy. The genetic similarity between human and environmental isolates underscores the critical need for a One Health approach to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the region.
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spelling doaj-art-5d1a4cf815a34839b19b2c3cb4dfd0042025-08-20T03:52:20ZengBMCAntimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control2047-29942025-05-0114111210.1186/s13756-025-01557-yHigh rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programsMagreth Erick Macha0Philipp Kohler1Anja Bösch2Honorathy Msami Urassa3Weihong Qi4Salome N. Seiffert5Sabine Haller6Erin West7Maja Weisser Rohacek8Baharak Babouee Flury9St. Francis University College of Health and Allied SciencesHOCH, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Division of Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Travel MedicineHOCH, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Medical Research CenterSt. Francis Regional Referral HospitalFunctional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich / ETH ZurichDivision of Human Microbiology, Centre for Laboratory MedicineHOCH, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Division of Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Travel MedicineHOCH, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Clinical Trials UnitDivision of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital BaselHOCH, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Medical Research CenterAbstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Sub-Saharan Africa is a significant health threat, with limited data guide treatment. This study investigates multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in rural Tanzania to guide empirical treatment strategies. Methods A cross-sectional prospective study of adults with UTIs was conducted at St. Francis Regional Referral Hospital in Ifakara, Tanzania, from September 2021 to August 2023. Urine culture isolates underwent routine diagnostics in Tanzania and E. coli isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing in Switzerland. Results Of 1055 patients, 248 (23.5%) had positive urine cultures, with E. coli as predominant pathogen (n = 87; 55.7%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-E) was identified in 20 (23.0%) isolates, primarily sequence type ST167 carrying CTX-M-27. All ESBL-E cases (20/20, 100.0%) and half of non-ESBL-E cases (29/58, 50.0%) received empiric antibiotics to which the isolates were documented as resistant. ESBL-E showed higher resistance to cotrimoxazole (100.0%) and ciprofloxacin (90.0%) latter recommended for complicated UTIs in Tanzania’s Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG) compared to non-ESBL-E. All ESBL-E isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, as recommended by STG for uncomplicated UTIs, and fosfomycin showed potential alternative for complicated cases. Conclusion Nearly one-quarter of E. coli isolates causing UTIs were ESBL-E, predominantly ST167 harboring bla CTX−M−27. Notably, nitrofurantoin remained effective for uncomplicated UTIs, similarly, fosfomycin emerged as a viable alternative. However, ciprofloxacin, despite being recommended in local guidelines for complicated UTIs, showed no efficacy. The genetic similarity between human and environmental isolates underscores the critical need for a One Health approach to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the region.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01557-yMulti-drug resistant Escherichia coliUrinary tract infectionsRural-TanzaniaTreatment guidelines
spellingShingle Magreth Erick Macha
Philipp Kohler
Anja Bösch
Honorathy Msami Urassa
Weihong Qi
Salome N. Seiffert
Sabine Haller
Erin West
Maja Weisser Rohacek
Baharak Babouee Flury
High rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
Multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli
Urinary tract infections
Rural-Tanzania
Treatment guidelines
title High rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs
title_full High rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs
title_fullStr High rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs
title_full_unstemmed High rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs
title_short High rate of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Ifakara-Tanzania: implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs
title_sort high rate of multi drug resistant escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in ifakara tanzania implications for empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines and stewardship programs
topic Multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli
Urinary tract infections
Rural-Tanzania
Treatment guidelines
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01557-y
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