The balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability

Abstract The brain’s ability to switch between functional states while maintaining both flexibility and stability is shaped by its structural connectivity. Understanding the relationship between brain structure and neural dynamics is a central challenge in neuroscience. Prior studies link neural dyn...

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Main Authors: Javier Palma-Espinosa, Sebastián Orellana-Villota, Carlos Coronel-Oliveros, Jean Paul Maidana, Patricio Orio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01612-z
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author Javier Palma-Espinosa
Sebastián Orellana-Villota
Carlos Coronel-Oliveros
Jean Paul Maidana
Patricio Orio
author_facet Javier Palma-Espinosa
Sebastián Orellana-Villota
Carlos Coronel-Oliveros
Jean Paul Maidana
Patricio Orio
author_sort Javier Palma-Espinosa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The brain’s ability to switch between functional states while maintaining both flexibility and stability is shaped by its structural connectivity. Understanding the relationship between brain structure and neural dynamics is a central challenge in neuroscience. Prior studies link neural dynamics to local noisy activity and mesoscale coupling mechanisms, but causal links at the whole-brain scale remain elusive. This study investigates how the balance between integration and segregation in brain networks influences their dynamical properties, focusing on multistability (switching between stable states) and metastability (transient stability over time). We analyzed a spectrum of network models, from highly segregated to highly integrated, using structural metrics like modularity, efficiency, and small-worldness. By simulating neural activity with a neural mass model, and analyzing Functional Connectivity Dynamics (FCD), we found that segregated networks sustain dynamic synchronization patterns, while small-world networks, which balance local clustering and global efficiency, exhibit the richest dynamical behavior. Networks with intermediate small-worldness ( $$\omega$$ ) values showed peak dynamical richness, measured by variance in FCD and metastability. Using Mutual Information (MI), we quantified the structure-dynamics relationship, revealing that modularity is the strongest predictor of network dynamics, as modular architectures support transitions between dynamical states. These findings underscore the importance of the balance between local specialization, global integration, and network’s modularity, which fosters the dynamic complexity necessary for cognitive functions. Our study enhances the understanding of how structural features shape neural dynamics.
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spelling doaj-art-5d12ed3dbaab4c4dbfd27377cdd0c62b2025-08-20T03:03:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-01612-zThe balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastabilityJavier Palma-Espinosa0Sebastián Orellana-Villota1Carlos Coronel-Oliveros2Jean Paul Maidana3Patricio Orio4Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de ValparaísoCentro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de ValparaísoLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo IbañezFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andres BelloInstituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoAbstract The brain’s ability to switch between functional states while maintaining both flexibility and stability is shaped by its structural connectivity. Understanding the relationship between brain structure and neural dynamics is a central challenge in neuroscience. Prior studies link neural dynamics to local noisy activity and mesoscale coupling mechanisms, but causal links at the whole-brain scale remain elusive. This study investigates how the balance between integration and segregation in brain networks influences their dynamical properties, focusing on multistability (switching between stable states) and metastability (transient stability over time). We analyzed a spectrum of network models, from highly segregated to highly integrated, using structural metrics like modularity, efficiency, and small-worldness. By simulating neural activity with a neural mass model, and analyzing Functional Connectivity Dynamics (FCD), we found that segregated networks sustain dynamic synchronization patterns, while small-world networks, which balance local clustering and global efficiency, exhibit the richest dynamical behavior. Networks with intermediate small-worldness ( $$\omega$$ ) values showed peak dynamical richness, measured by variance in FCD and metastability. Using Mutual Information (MI), we quantified the structure-dynamics relationship, revealing that modularity is the strongest predictor of network dynamics, as modular architectures support transitions between dynamical states. These findings underscore the importance of the balance between local specialization, global integration, and network’s modularity, which fosters the dynamic complexity necessary for cognitive functions. Our study enhances the understanding of how structural features shape neural dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01612-zSmall-world networksModularityBrain dynamicsIntegration and segregationNeural connectivityMetastability
spellingShingle Javier Palma-Espinosa
Sebastián Orellana-Villota
Carlos Coronel-Oliveros
Jean Paul Maidana
Patricio Orio
The balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability
Scientific Reports
Small-world networks
Modularity
Brain dynamics
Integration and segregation
Neural connectivity
Metastability
title The balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability
title_full The balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability
title_fullStr The balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability
title_full_unstemmed The balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability
title_short The balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability
title_sort balance between integration and segregation drives network dynamics maximizing multistability and metastability
topic Small-world networks
Modularity
Brain dynamics
Integration and segregation
Neural connectivity
Metastability
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01612-z
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