A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot Study

This study explores the feasibility of using low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to induce rotational sensations in the human semicircular canal (SCC) through the acoustic streaming effect. Existing vestibular stimulation methods, such as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), caloric vestibular...

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Main Authors: Sion Cha, Wooksung Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11432
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author Sion Cha
Wooksung Kim
author_facet Sion Cha
Wooksung Kim
author_sort Sion Cha
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the feasibility of using low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to induce rotational sensations in the human semicircular canal (SCC) through the acoustic streaming effect. Existing vestibular stimulation methods, such as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS), and magnetic vestibular stimulation (MVS), face limitations in spatial and temporal resolution, with unclear mechanisms. This study investigates whether LIFU can overcome these limitations by modulating endolymph motion within SCC. A 3D finite element model was constructed to simulate the effects of LIFU-induced acoustic streaming on SCC (particularly the endolymph), with thermal effects evaluated to ensure safety. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) was used to analyze the relationship between endolymph flow and cupula deformation. By adjusting the focal point of the ultrasound transducer, we were able to alter fluid flow pattern, which resulted in variations in cupula displacement. The results demonstrated that LIFU successfully induces fluid motion in SCC without exceeding thermal safety limits (<1 °C), suggesting its potential for controlling rotational sensations, with cupula displacement exceeding 1 μm. This novel approach enhances the understanding of LIFU’s thermal and neuromodulatory effects on the vestibular system, and thereby offers promising implications for future therapeutic applications.
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spelling doaj-art-5d11deaf7b7a4dbe814eb0e3f3b146bd2025-08-20T01:55:26ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114231143210.3390/app142311432A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot StudySion Cha0Wooksung Kim1Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaThis study explores the feasibility of using low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to induce rotational sensations in the human semicircular canal (SCC) through the acoustic streaming effect. Existing vestibular stimulation methods, such as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS), and magnetic vestibular stimulation (MVS), face limitations in spatial and temporal resolution, with unclear mechanisms. This study investigates whether LIFU can overcome these limitations by modulating endolymph motion within SCC. A 3D finite element model was constructed to simulate the effects of LIFU-induced acoustic streaming on SCC (particularly the endolymph), with thermal effects evaluated to ensure safety. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) was used to analyze the relationship between endolymph flow and cupula deformation. By adjusting the focal point of the ultrasound transducer, we were able to alter fluid flow pattern, which resulted in variations in cupula displacement. The results demonstrated that LIFU successfully induces fluid motion in SCC without exceeding thermal safety limits (<1 °C), suggesting its potential for controlling rotational sensations, with cupula displacement exceeding 1 μm. This novel approach enhances the understanding of LIFU’s thermal and neuromodulatory effects on the vestibular system, and thereby offers promising implications for future therapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11432numerical analysisfocused ultrasoundtranscranial ultrasoundvestibular stimulationvestibular systemneuromodulation
spellingShingle Sion Cha
Wooksung Kim
A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot Study
Applied Sciences
numerical analysis
focused ultrasound
transcranial ultrasound
vestibular stimulation
vestibular system
neuromodulation
title A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot Study
title_full A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot Study
title_fullStr A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot Study
title_full_unstemmed A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot Study
title_short A Simulation Study of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Rotational Sense Through Acoustic Streaming in Semicircular Canal: A Pilot Study
title_sort simulation study of low intensity focused ultrasound for modulating rotational sense through acoustic streaming in semicircular canal a pilot study
topic numerical analysis
focused ultrasound
transcranial ultrasound
vestibular stimulation
vestibular system
neuromodulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11432
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