Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Background Left atrial structural remodeling contributes to the persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and influences the outcomes of catheter ablation (CA). We investigated the usefulness of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography in detecting low atrial glucose uptake (LGU) as a poten...

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Main Authors: Tristan Raoult, Bernhard L. Gerber, Quentin Garnir, Christophe Scavée, Varnavas Varnavas, Aurélien Wauters, Damien Gruson, Eric Nellessen, Michel Hesse, Christophe Beauloye, Véronique Roelants, Sébastien Marchandise
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.041491
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author Tristan Raoult
Bernhard L. Gerber
Quentin Garnir
Christophe Scavée
Varnavas Varnavas
Aurélien Wauters
Damien Gruson
Eric Nellessen
Michel Hesse
Christophe Beauloye
Véronique Roelants
Sébastien Marchandise
author_facet Tristan Raoult
Bernhard L. Gerber
Quentin Garnir
Christophe Scavée
Varnavas Varnavas
Aurélien Wauters
Damien Gruson
Eric Nellessen
Michel Hesse
Christophe Beauloye
Véronique Roelants
Sébastien Marchandise
author_sort Tristan Raoult
collection DOAJ
description Background Left atrial structural remodeling contributes to the persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and influences the outcomes of catheter ablation (CA). We investigated the usefulness of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography in detecting low atrial glucose uptake (LGU) as a potential marker of fibrosis and its predictive value for CA success in persistent AF. Methods Thirty‐six patients without diabetes with persistent AF scheduled for CA underwent nicotinic acid‐stimulated 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography to assess global and segmental LGU before CA. LGU was compared with low voltage areas on electroanatomical mapping, left atrial volume index via echocardiography, and late gadolinium enhancement from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as indicators of fibrosis. Patients were followed for up to 24 months post CA to assess AF recurrence. Results Global LGU extent was 16.8% (7.6–42.6) and correlated with left atrial volume index (R2=0.20, P=0.039) and low voltage area during AF and right atrial pacing (R2=0.54 and R2=0.35 respectively, both P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that LGU significantly predicted moderate/severe low voltage area remodeling (P<0.001) with an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.58–0.97), independent of clinical and imaging parameters. AF recurred in 50% of patients. LGU >17%, but not late gadolinium enhancement, predicted AF recurrence (P=0.026; AUC, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.48–0.86]). Conclusions Nicotinic acid‐enhanced 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography LGU extent reflects fibrosis by low voltage areas and predicts AF recurrence after CA in patients with persistent AF. This suggests that it could serve as a noninvasive tool for assessing atrial fibrosis and remodeling in atrial cardiomyopathy due to persistent AF.
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spelling doaj-art-5d11c11cd44d4d9b9c1a8c249a64c3cd2025-08-20T03:13:04ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-07-01141410.1161/JAHA.124.041491Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial FibrillationTristan Raoult0Bernhard L. Gerber1Quentin Garnir2Christophe Scavée3Varnavas Varnavas4Aurélien Wauters5Damien Gruson6Eric Nellessen7Michel Hesse8Christophe Beauloye9Véronique Roelants10Sébastien Marchandise11Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumPole Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy &amp; Oncology (MIRO) Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumPole Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy &amp; Oncology (MIRO) Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels BelgiumDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD) 10 avenue hippocrate Brussels 1200 Brussels BelgiumBackground Left atrial structural remodeling contributes to the persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and influences the outcomes of catheter ablation (CA). We investigated the usefulness of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography in detecting low atrial glucose uptake (LGU) as a potential marker of fibrosis and its predictive value for CA success in persistent AF. Methods Thirty‐six patients without diabetes with persistent AF scheduled for CA underwent nicotinic acid‐stimulated 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography to assess global and segmental LGU before CA. LGU was compared with low voltage areas on electroanatomical mapping, left atrial volume index via echocardiography, and late gadolinium enhancement from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as indicators of fibrosis. Patients were followed for up to 24 months post CA to assess AF recurrence. Results Global LGU extent was 16.8% (7.6–42.6) and correlated with left atrial volume index (R2=0.20, P=0.039) and low voltage area during AF and right atrial pacing (R2=0.54 and R2=0.35 respectively, both P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that LGU significantly predicted moderate/severe low voltage area remodeling (P<0.001) with an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.58–0.97), independent of clinical and imaging parameters. AF recurred in 50% of patients. LGU >17%, but not late gadolinium enhancement, predicted AF recurrence (P=0.026; AUC, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.48–0.86]). Conclusions Nicotinic acid‐enhanced 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography LGU extent reflects fibrosis by low voltage areas and predicts AF recurrence after CA in patients with persistent AF. This suggests that it could serve as a noninvasive tool for assessing atrial fibrosis and remodeling in atrial cardiomyopathy due to persistent AF.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.04149118F‐FDG‐PETatrial cardiomyopathyglucose metabolismleft atrial structural remodelinglow glucose uptake extentpersistent atrial fibrillation
spellingShingle Tristan Raoult
Bernhard L. Gerber
Quentin Garnir
Christophe Scavée
Varnavas Varnavas
Aurélien Wauters
Damien Gruson
Eric Nellessen
Michel Hesse
Christophe Beauloye
Véronique Roelants
Sébastien Marchandise
Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
18F‐FDG‐PET
atrial cardiomyopathy
glucose metabolism
left atrial structural remodeling
low glucose uptake extent
persistent atrial fibrillation
title Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
title_full Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
title_fullStr Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
title_full_unstemmed Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
title_short Left Atrial Remodeling Identification and Catheter Ablation Outcomes With 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
title_sort left atrial remodeling identification and catheter ablation outcomes with 18f fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in persistent atrial fibrillation
topic 18F‐FDG‐PET
atrial cardiomyopathy
glucose metabolism
left atrial structural remodeling
low glucose uptake extent
persistent atrial fibrillation
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.041491
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