Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes
Alloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ) are extensively used to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D) in animal models. This study is aimed at evaluating the differences in immune parameters caused by ALX and STZ. T1D was induced either with ALX or with STZ, and the animals were followed for up to 180 days. B...
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940009 |
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| author | Luiz A. D. Queiroz Josiane B. Assis João P. T. Guimarães Emanuella S. A. Sousa Anália C. Milhomem Karen K. S. Sunahara Anderson Sá-Nunes Joilson O. Martins |
| author_facet | Luiz A. D. Queiroz Josiane B. Assis João P. T. Guimarães Emanuella S. A. Sousa Anália C. Milhomem Karen K. S. Sunahara Anderson Sá-Nunes Joilson O. Martins |
| author_sort | Luiz A. D. Queiroz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ) are extensively used to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D) in animal models. This study is aimed at evaluating the differences in immune parameters caused by ALX and STZ. T1D was induced either with ALX or with STZ, and the animals were followed for up to 180 days. Both ALX and STZ induced a decrease in the total number of circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes, with an increase in granulocytes when compared to control mice (CT). STZ-treated mice also exhibited an increase in neutrophils and a reduction in the lymphocyte percentage in the bone marrow. In addition, while the STZ-treated group showed a decrease in total CD3+, CD4-CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes in the thymus and CD19+ B lymphocytes in the pancreas and spleen, the ALX group showed an increase in CD4-CD8+ and CD19+ only in the thymus. Basal levels of splenic interleukin- (IL-) 1β and pancreatic IL-6 in the STZ group were decreased. Both diabetic groups showed atrophy of the thymic medulla and degeneration of pancreatic islets of Langerhans composed of inflammatory infiltration and hyperemia with vasodilation. ALX-treated mice showed a decrease in reticuloendothelial cells, enhanced lymphocyte/thymocyte cell death, and increased number of Hassall’s corpuscles. Reduced in vitro activation of splenic lymphocytes was found in the STZ-treated group. Furthermore, mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) showed a more intense antigen-specific paw edema response in the STZ-treated group, while production of anti-OVA IgG1 antibodies was similar in both groups. Thereby, important changes in immune cell parameters in vivo and in vitro were found at an early stage of T1D in the STZ-treated group, whereas alterations in the ALX-treated group were mostly found in the chronic phase of T1D, including increased mortality rates. These findings suggest that the effects of ALX and STZ influenced, at different times, lymphoid organs and their cell populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d00fc9499494e20825973a5c61589ce |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d00fc9499494e20825973a5c61589ce2025-08-20T02:05:02ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612021-01-01202110.1155/2021/99400099940009Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced DiabetesLuiz A. D. Queiroz0Josiane B. Assis1João P. T. Guimarães2Emanuella S. A. Sousa3Anália C. Milhomem4Karen K. S. Sunahara5Anderson Sá-Nunes6Joilson O. Martins7Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, BrazilExperimental Physiopathology, Department of Sciences/Experimental Physiopathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilAlloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ) are extensively used to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D) in animal models. This study is aimed at evaluating the differences in immune parameters caused by ALX and STZ. T1D was induced either with ALX or with STZ, and the animals were followed for up to 180 days. Both ALX and STZ induced a decrease in the total number of circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes, with an increase in granulocytes when compared to control mice (CT). STZ-treated mice also exhibited an increase in neutrophils and a reduction in the lymphocyte percentage in the bone marrow. In addition, while the STZ-treated group showed a decrease in total CD3+, CD4-CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes in the thymus and CD19+ B lymphocytes in the pancreas and spleen, the ALX group showed an increase in CD4-CD8+ and CD19+ only in the thymus. Basal levels of splenic interleukin- (IL-) 1β and pancreatic IL-6 in the STZ group were decreased. Both diabetic groups showed atrophy of the thymic medulla and degeneration of pancreatic islets of Langerhans composed of inflammatory infiltration and hyperemia with vasodilation. ALX-treated mice showed a decrease in reticuloendothelial cells, enhanced lymphocyte/thymocyte cell death, and increased number of Hassall’s corpuscles. Reduced in vitro activation of splenic lymphocytes was found in the STZ-treated group. Furthermore, mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) showed a more intense antigen-specific paw edema response in the STZ-treated group, while production of anti-OVA IgG1 antibodies was similar in both groups. Thereby, important changes in immune cell parameters in vivo and in vitro were found at an early stage of T1D in the STZ-treated group, whereas alterations in the ALX-treated group were mostly found in the chronic phase of T1D, including increased mortality rates. These findings suggest that the effects of ALX and STZ influenced, at different times, lymphoid organs and their cell populations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940009 |
| spellingShingle | Luiz A. D. Queiroz Josiane B. Assis João P. T. Guimarães Emanuella S. A. Sousa Anália C. Milhomem Karen K. S. Sunahara Anderson Sá-Nunes Joilson O. Martins Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes |
| title_full | Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes |
| title_short | Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes |
| title_sort | endangered lymphocytes the effects of alloxan and streptozotocin on immune cells in type 1 induced diabetes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940009 |
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