Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over Zimbabwe

Abstract This article pioneers a unique approach to examining generic dry spells, shifting focus from traditional rain‐free period analysis to a crop‐centric perspective that integrates an anticipatory lens inspired by Impact‐based Forecasting (IbF). Moving beyond traditional analyses of rain‐free p...

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Main Authors: Gibbon I. T. Masukwedza, Victoria L. Boult, Melissa Lazenby, Martin C. Todd
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Meteorological Applications
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/met.70039
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author Gibbon I. T. Masukwedza
Victoria L. Boult
Melissa Lazenby
Martin C. Todd
author_facet Gibbon I. T. Masukwedza
Victoria L. Boult
Melissa Lazenby
Martin C. Todd
author_sort Gibbon I. T. Masukwedza
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This article pioneers a unique approach to examining generic dry spells, shifting focus from traditional rain‐free period analysis to a crop‐centric perspective that integrates an anticipatory lens inspired by Impact‐based Forecasting (IbF). Moving beyond traditional analyses of rain‐free periods, the article evaluates these impactful within‐season large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells (LARDS) not by the number of days with minimal or no rainfall but by their impact—specifically, the adequacy of root‐zone soil moisture to meet the optimal requirements of maize crops, as quantified through the Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI). LARDS were identified in maize‐intensive growing regions of Zimbabwe under two maize planting date scenarios: meteorology‐guided and uninformed. The research characterizes impactful within‐season LARDS occurring at sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over 36 years (1983–2018). Findings show that meteorological guidance improves yields while neglecting it results in lower yields. During LARDS, a distinct northwest‐to‐southeast suppressed rainfall pattern emerges over Zimbabwe, extending into neighbouring countries. This pattern is associated with a southwestward or northeastward displacement of Tropical Temperate Troughs (the regional primary rainfall system) relative to the country's location. Furthermore, LARDS exhibit overarching anticyclonic conditions impeding vertical cloud development with notable changes in the key local large‐scale mean climatic features influencing Southern Africa's weather. Specifically, the Mozambique Channel Trough, Angola Tropical Low, Saint Helena High and Mascarene High weaken anomalously, while the Botswana High strengthens during LARDS. Additionally, we demonstrate that LARDS have a northeastward propagation and have atmospheric signatures indicative of being triggered by upstream Rossby waves originating from the south coast of South America.
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spelling doaj-art-5cf92119dc8b49a1ba349c1aa42e6f0c2025-08-20T03:15:05ZengWileyMeteorological Applications1350-48271469-80802025-03-01322n/an/a10.1002/met.70039Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over ZimbabweGibbon I. T. Masukwedza0Victoria L. Boult1Melissa Lazenby2Martin C. Todd3Department of Geography University of Sussex Brighton UKDepartment of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UKDepartment of Geography University of Sussex Brighton UKDepartment of Geography University of Sussex Brighton UKAbstract This article pioneers a unique approach to examining generic dry spells, shifting focus from traditional rain‐free period analysis to a crop‐centric perspective that integrates an anticipatory lens inspired by Impact‐based Forecasting (IbF). Moving beyond traditional analyses of rain‐free periods, the article evaluates these impactful within‐season large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells (LARDS) not by the number of days with minimal or no rainfall but by their impact—specifically, the adequacy of root‐zone soil moisture to meet the optimal requirements of maize crops, as quantified through the Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI). LARDS were identified in maize‐intensive growing regions of Zimbabwe under two maize planting date scenarios: meteorology‐guided and uninformed. The research characterizes impactful within‐season LARDS occurring at sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over 36 years (1983–2018). Findings show that meteorological guidance improves yields while neglecting it results in lower yields. During LARDS, a distinct northwest‐to‐southeast suppressed rainfall pattern emerges over Zimbabwe, extending into neighbouring countries. This pattern is associated with a southwestward or northeastward displacement of Tropical Temperate Troughs (the regional primary rainfall system) relative to the country's location. Furthermore, LARDS exhibit overarching anticyclonic conditions impeding vertical cloud development with notable changes in the key local large‐scale mean climatic features influencing Southern Africa's weather. Specifically, the Mozambique Channel Trough, Angola Tropical Low, Saint Helena High and Mascarene High weaken anomalously, while the Botswana High strengthens during LARDS. Additionally, we demonstrate that LARDS have a northeastward propagation and have atmospheric signatures indicative of being triggered by upstream Rossby waves originating from the south coast of South America.https://doi.org/10.1002/met.70039sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescalelarge‐scale within‐season agrometeorologically relevant dry spells (LARDS)large‐scale atmospheric driversroot zone soil moisturewater requirement satisfaction index (WRSI)
spellingShingle Gibbon I. T. Masukwedza
Victoria L. Boult
Melissa Lazenby
Martin C. Todd
Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over Zimbabwe
Meteorological Applications
sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescale
large‐scale within‐season agrometeorologically relevant dry spells (LARDS)
large‐scale atmospheric drivers
root zone soil moisture
water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI)
title Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over Zimbabwe
title_full Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over Zimbabwe
title_fullStr Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over Zimbabwe
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over Zimbabwe
title_short Characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large‐scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales over Zimbabwe
title_sort characteristics and atmospheric drivers of large scale agrometeorologically relevant dry spells in sub seasonal to seasonal timescales over zimbabwe
topic sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescale
large‐scale within‐season agrometeorologically relevant dry spells (LARDS)
large‐scale atmospheric drivers
root zone soil moisture
water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI)
url https://doi.org/10.1002/met.70039
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