Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses
Paramyxoviruses are a family of single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses, many of which are responsible for a range of respiratory and neurological diseases in humans and animals. Among the most notable are the henipaviruses, which include the deadly Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses, the causa...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Virulence |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2023.2273684 |
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| author | Benjamin Kaza Hector C. Aguilar |
| author_facet | Benjamin Kaza Hector C. Aguilar |
| author_sort | Benjamin Kaza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paramyxoviruses are a family of single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses, many of which are responsible for a range of respiratory and neurological diseases in humans and animals. Among the most notable are the henipaviruses, which include the deadly Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses, the causative agents of outbreaks of severe disease and high case fatality rates in humans and animals. NiV and HeV are maintained in fruit bat reservoirs primarily in the family Pteropus and spillover into humans directly or by an intermediate amplifying host such as swine or horses. Recently, non-chiropteran associated Langya (LayV), Gamak (GAKV), and Mojiang (MojV) viruses have been discovered with confirmed or suspected ability to cause disease in humans or animals. These viruses are less genetically related to HeV and NiV yet share many features with their better-known counterparts. Recent advances in surveillance of wild animal reservoir viruses have revealed a high number of henipaviral genome sequences distributed across most continents, and mammalian orders previously unknown to harbour henipaviruses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the range of pathogenesis observed for the henipaviruses as well as their replication cycle, epidemiology, genomics, and host responses. We focus on the most pathogenic viruses, including NiV, HeV, LayV, and GAKV, as well as the experimentally non-pathogenic CedV. We also highlight the emerging threats posed by these and potentially other closely related viruses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ceb611a980c4fb0abfed8b9a540182e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2150-5594 2150-5608 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virulence |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ceb611a980c4fb0abfed8b9a540182e2025-08-20T02:38:22ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082023-12-0114110.1080/21505594.2023.2273684Pathogenicity and virulence of henipavirusesBenjamin Kaza0Hector C. Aguilar1Department of Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USAParamyxoviruses are a family of single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses, many of which are responsible for a range of respiratory and neurological diseases in humans and animals. Among the most notable are the henipaviruses, which include the deadly Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses, the causative agents of outbreaks of severe disease and high case fatality rates in humans and animals. NiV and HeV are maintained in fruit bat reservoirs primarily in the family Pteropus and spillover into humans directly or by an intermediate amplifying host such as swine or horses. Recently, non-chiropteran associated Langya (LayV), Gamak (GAKV), and Mojiang (MojV) viruses have been discovered with confirmed or suspected ability to cause disease in humans or animals. These viruses are less genetically related to HeV and NiV yet share many features with their better-known counterparts. Recent advances in surveillance of wild animal reservoir viruses have revealed a high number of henipaviral genome sequences distributed across most continents, and mammalian orders previously unknown to harbour henipaviruses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the range of pathogenesis observed for the henipaviruses as well as their replication cycle, epidemiology, genomics, and host responses. We focus on the most pathogenic viruses, including NiV, HeV, LayV, and GAKV, as well as the experimentally non-pathogenic CedV. We also highlight the emerging threats posed by these and potentially other closely related viruses.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2023.2273684VirusVirulenceHenipavirusParamyxovirusPathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Benjamin Kaza Hector C. Aguilar Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses Virulence Virus Virulence Henipavirus Paramyxovirus Pathogenesis |
| title | Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses |
| title_full | Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses |
| title_short | Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses |
| title_sort | pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses |
| topic | Virus Virulence Henipavirus Paramyxovirus Pathogenesis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2023.2273684 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT benjaminkaza pathogenicityandvirulenceofhenipaviruses AT hectorcaguilar pathogenicityandvirulenceofhenipaviruses |