Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)

Disaster victim identification (DVI) is crucial in the aftermath of mass casualty events, necessitating rapid and precise identification methods. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gained significant prominence in forensic genetics due to their abundance, stability, and ease of analysis. SN...

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Main Authors: Sahar M. Ibrahim, Arwa M. Salih, Dina Hameed Haider, sabaa Raad Jaafar, Marwa Adel Hussein, Nada Hassan Bedair, Ruaa Hussein Ali, Ruaa Maan Attallah, Omar A Mahmoud, Farah B. Abd, Shahrazad H. Muhi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University 2025-07-01
Series:Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences
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Online Access:https://bjbabs.org/index.php/bjbabs/article/view/371
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author Sahar M. Ibrahim
Arwa M. Salih
Dina Hameed Haider
sabaa Raad Jaafar
Marwa Adel Hussein
Nada Hassan Bedair
Ruaa Hussein Ali
Ruaa Maan Attallah
Omar A Mahmoud
Farah B. Abd
Shahrazad H. Muhi
author_facet Sahar M. Ibrahim
Arwa M. Salih
Dina Hameed Haider
sabaa Raad Jaafar
Marwa Adel Hussein
Nada Hassan Bedair
Ruaa Hussein Ali
Ruaa Maan Attallah
Omar A Mahmoud
Farah B. Abd
Shahrazad H. Muhi
author_sort Sahar M. Ibrahim
collection DOAJ
description Disaster victim identification (DVI) is crucial in the aftermath of mass casualty events, necessitating rapid and precise identification methods. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gained significant prominence in forensic genetics due to their abundance, stability, and ease of analysis. SNPs are highly valuable genetic markers for DVI, particularly because they are insensitive to DNA degradation and possess high annotation potential, making their underlying biological information invaluable for human identification in molecular forensics. Unlike traditional methods, SNP typing offers a more powerful set of genetic markers, enabling complex analysis and profiling techniques suitable for various genotyping scenarios, from specialized forensic markers to expanded tiling arrays. The small differences in DNA due to polymorphisms, approximately 1 in 1,000 nucleotides, provide sufficient information to uniquely identify a person. SNP assays are particularly effective for analyzing severely damaged DNA samples, a common characteristic of disaster remains, as demonstrated in real-world applications such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2015 Germanwings Flight 9525 crash, and the Yazidi Genocide in Iraq. These assays offer advantages including cost-effectiveness, multiplexing capabilities, and suitability for robotic automation. They also provide valuable information for ancestry inference and the prediction of externally visible characteristics. The ongoing development of SNP assay technologies and their use in DVI protocols highlight their important role in giving accurate identifications and helping families find closure.
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spelling doaj-art-5ceab3ca9b984e3bade57130d339334e2025-08-20T03:13:33ZengCollege of Medicine, Al-Nahrain UniversityBaghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences2706-99152025-07-016313914710.47419/bjbabs.v6i03.371Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)Sahar M. Ibrahim0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6638-9498Arwa M. Salih1https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8968-4289Dina Hameed Haider2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4506-845Xsabaa Raad Jaafar3https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5576-6902Marwa Adel Hussein4https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8278-5413Nada Hassan Bedair5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-0154Ruaa Hussein Ali6https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1501-9871Ruaa Maan Attallah7https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8095-0952Omar A Mahmoud8https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6884-9398Farah B. Abd9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-2304Shahrazad H. Muhi10https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1148-3762Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Disaster victim identification (DVI) is crucial in the aftermath of mass casualty events, necessitating rapid and precise identification methods. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gained significant prominence in forensic genetics due to their abundance, stability, and ease of analysis. SNPs are highly valuable genetic markers for DVI, particularly because they are insensitive to DNA degradation and possess high annotation potential, making their underlying biological information invaluable for human identification in molecular forensics. Unlike traditional methods, SNP typing offers a more powerful set of genetic markers, enabling complex analysis and profiling techniques suitable for various genotyping scenarios, from specialized forensic markers to expanded tiling arrays. The small differences in DNA due to polymorphisms, approximately 1 in 1,000 nucleotides, provide sufficient information to uniquely identify a person. SNP assays are particularly effective for analyzing severely damaged DNA samples, a common characteristic of disaster remains, as demonstrated in real-world applications such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2015 Germanwings Flight 9525 crash, and the Yazidi Genocide in Iraq. These assays offer advantages including cost-effectiveness, multiplexing capabilities, and suitability for robotic automation. They also provide valuable information for ancestry inference and the prediction of externally visible characteristics. The ongoing development of SNP assay technologies and their use in DVI protocols highlight their important role in giving accurate identifications and helping families find closure.https://bjbabs.org/index.php/bjbabs/article/view/371single nucleotide polymorphismsnpdisaster victim identificationdviforensic genetics
spellingShingle Sahar M. Ibrahim
Arwa M. Salih
Dina Hameed Haider
sabaa Raad Jaafar
Marwa Adel Hussein
Nada Hassan Bedair
Ruaa Hussein Ali
Ruaa Maan Attallah
Omar A Mahmoud
Farah B. Abd
Shahrazad H. Muhi
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences
single nucleotide polymorphism
snp
disaster victim identification
dvi
forensic genetics
title Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
title_full Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
title_fullStr Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
title_full_unstemmed Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
title_short Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Assays for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
title_sort single nucleotide polymorphism snp assays for disaster victim identification dvi
topic single nucleotide polymorphism
snp
disaster victim identification
dvi
forensic genetics
url https://bjbabs.org/index.php/bjbabs/article/view/371
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