The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction

The pathophysiological role of Aβ42 oligomers in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is heavily disputed, pivoting research toward investigating mixed oligomers composed of Aβ42 and Aβ40, which is more abundant but less aggregation-prone. This study investigates Aβ42:Aβ40 oligomers in different ra...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Annika Haessler, Stefanie Gier, Nathalie Jung, Maike Windbergs
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1516093/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850262145163329536
author Annika Haessler
Stefanie Gier
Nathalie Jung
Maike Windbergs
author_facet Annika Haessler
Stefanie Gier
Nathalie Jung
Maike Windbergs
author_sort Annika Haessler
collection DOAJ
description The pathophysiological role of Aβ42 oligomers in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is heavily disputed, pivoting research toward investigating mixed oligomers composed of Aβ42 and Aβ40, which is more abundant but less aggregation-prone. This study investigates Aβ42:Aβ40 oligomers in different ratios, examining their adverse effects on endothelial cells, neurons, astroglia, and microglia, as well as in a human blood–brain barrier (BBB) model. Combining label-free Raman microscopy with complementary imaging techniques and biochemical assays, we show the prominent impact of Aβ40 on Aβ42 fibrillation, suggesting an inhibitory effect on aggregation. Mixed oligomers, especially with low proportions of Aβ42, were equally detrimental as pure Aβ42 oligomers regarding cell viability, functionality, and metabolism. They also differentially affected lipid droplet metabolism in BBB-associated microglia, indicating distinct pathophysiological responses. Our findings demonstrate the overarching significance of the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio in Aβ oligomers, challenging the traditional focus on Aβ42 in AD research.
format Article
id doaj-art-5cea5aed3e6347ca8ee6311f66dcadd2
institution OA Journals
issn 1662-5102
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
spelling doaj-art-5cea5aed3e6347ca8ee6311f66dcadd22025-08-20T01:55:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022024-12-011810.3389/fncel.2024.15160931516093The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunctionAnnika HaesslerStefanie GierNathalie JungMaike WindbergsThe pathophysiological role of Aβ42 oligomers in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is heavily disputed, pivoting research toward investigating mixed oligomers composed of Aβ42 and Aβ40, which is more abundant but less aggregation-prone. This study investigates Aβ42:Aβ40 oligomers in different ratios, examining their adverse effects on endothelial cells, neurons, astroglia, and microglia, as well as in a human blood–brain barrier (BBB) model. Combining label-free Raman microscopy with complementary imaging techniques and biochemical assays, we show the prominent impact of Aβ40 on Aβ42 fibrillation, suggesting an inhibitory effect on aggregation. Mixed oligomers, especially with low proportions of Aβ42, were equally detrimental as pure Aβ42 oligomers regarding cell viability, functionality, and metabolism. They also differentially affected lipid droplet metabolism in BBB-associated microglia, indicating distinct pathophysiological responses. Our findings demonstrate the overarching significance of the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio in Aβ oligomers, challenging the traditional focus on Aβ42 in AD research.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1516093/fullAlzheimer’s diseaseAβ oligomersblood–brain barrierRaman microscopylipid dropletsAβ42:Aβ40
spellingShingle Annika Haessler
Stefanie Gier
Nathalie Jung
Maike Windbergs
The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ oligomers
blood–brain barrier
Raman microscopy
lipid droplets
Aβ42:Aβ40
title The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
title_full The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
title_fullStr The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
title_full_unstemmed The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
title_short The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
title_sort aβ42 aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
topic Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ oligomers
blood–brain barrier
Raman microscopy
lipid droplets
Aβ42:Aβ40
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1516093/full
work_keys_str_mv AT annikahaessler theab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction
AT stefaniegier theab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction
AT nathaliejung theab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction
AT maikewindbergs theab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction
AT annikahaessler ab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction
AT stefaniegier ab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction
AT nathaliejung ab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction
AT maikewindbergs ab42ab40ratiomodulatesaggregationinbetaamyloidoligomersanddrivesmetabolicchangesandcellulardysfunction