Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humans

Background and Aim: Zoonotic malaria is an emerging public health challenge in Indonesia, exacerbated by deforestation and increased interaction between humans and non-human primates (NHPs). This study aimed to estimate malaria prevalence in NHPs within the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary (BUWS) and...

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Main Authors: Meyby Eka Putri Lempang, Dendi Hadi Permana, Puji Budi Setia Asih, Suradi Wangsamuda, Farahana Kresno Dewayanti, Ismail Ekoprayitno Rozi, Wuryantari Setiadi, Lepa Syahrani, Lucia Muslimin, Ratmawati Malaka, Din Syafruddin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Veterinary World 2025-02-01
Series:International Journal of One Health
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Online Access:https://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.11/No.1/3.pdf
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author Meyby Eka Putri Lempang
Dendi Hadi Permana
Puji Budi Setia Asih
Suradi Wangsamuda
Farahana Kresno Dewayanti
Ismail Ekoprayitno Rozi
Wuryantari Setiadi
Lepa Syahrani
Lucia Muslimin
Ratmawati Malaka
Din Syafruddin
author_facet Meyby Eka Putri Lempang
Dendi Hadi Permana
Puji Budi Setia Asih
Suradi Wangsamuda
Farahana Kresno Dewayanti
Ismail Ekoprayitno Rozi
Wuryantari Setiadi
Lepa Syahrani
Lucia Muslimin
Ratmawati Malaka
Din Syafruddin
author_sort Meyby Eka Putri Lempang
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aim: Zoonotic malaria is an emerging public health challenge in Indonesia, exacerbated by deforestation and increased interaction between humans and non-human primates (NHPs). This study aimed to estimate malaria prevalence in NHPs within the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary (BUWS) and evaluates the potential risk of zoonotic malaria transmission to nearby human populations. Materials and Methods: Epidemiologic surveys were conducted from 2020 to 2021 in BUWS. Macaca brunnescens, the endemic NHP species, were captured using traps. Blood samples were collected and analyzed through microscopy and molecular techniques to detect Plasmodium species. DNA extraction, mitochondrial DNA barcoding, and polymerase chain reaction were used for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. Human populations residing near BUWS were also screened for malaria via blood smear and DNA analysis. Results: Among the 26 Macaca brunnescens sampled, Plasmodium infections were identified in 50%, including Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium cynomolgi, and Plasmodium simiovale, with one mixed infection. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of these species. Notably, no Plasmodium knowlesi, a prevalent zoonotic malaria agent in Southeast Asia, was detected. Human malaria screening revealed no zoonotic infections but identified a single case of non-zoonotic malaria linked to travel outside the region. Conclusion: The high prevalence of Plasmodium species in NHPs highlights the potential for zoonotic malaria transmission in BUWS. Although no zoonotic cases were detected among humans, continuous surveillance of NHPs, mosquito vectors, and human populations is essential. Conservation efforts and public health initiatives should focus on mitigating the risks associated with increased human-primate interaction.
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spelling doaj-art-5ce78ce752ed4f6faa5e507ecf7397fd2025-08-20T02:06:27ZengVeterinary WorldInternational Journal of One Health2455-56732455-89312025-02-01111273310.14202/IJOH.2025.27-33Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humansMeyby Eka Putri Lempang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-8836Dendi Hadi Permana1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-1008Puji Budi Setia Asih2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-9133Suradi Wangsamuda3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-2802Farahana Kresno Dewayanti4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0956-0859Ismail Ekoprayitno Rozi5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-5123Wuryantari Setiadi6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-1101Lepa Syahrani7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-1743Lucia Muslimin8https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6966-3726Ratmawati Malaka9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1934-4949Din Syafruddin10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-2545Doctoral Program in Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia.Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia.Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia.Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia.Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia; Doctoral Program in Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; Malaria and Vector Resistance Laboratory, Hasanuddin University Medical Research Center, Makassar, Indonesia.Background and Aim: Zoonotic malaria is an emerging public health challenge in Indonesia, exacerbated by deforestation and increased interaction between humans and non-human primates (NHPs). This study aimed to estimate malaria prevalence in NHPs within the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary (BUWS) and evaluates the potential risk of zoonotic malaria transmission to nearby human populations. Materials and Methods: Epidemiologic surveys were conducted from 2020 to 2021 in BUWS. Macaca brunnescens, the endemic NHP species, were captured using traps. Blood samples were collected and analyzed through microscopy and molecular techniques to detect Plasmodium species. DNA extraction, mitochondrial DNA barcoding, and polymerase chain reaction were used for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. Human populations residing near BUWS were also screened for malaria via blood smear and DNA analysis. Results: Among the 26 Macaca brunnescens sampled, Plasmodium infections were identified in 50%, including Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium cynomolgi, and Plasmodium simiovale, with one mixed infection. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of these species. Notably, no Plasmodium knowlesi, a prevalent zoonotic malaria agent in Southeast Asia, was detected. Human malaria screening revealed no zoonotic infections but identified a single case of non-zoonotic malaria linked to travel outside the region. Conclusion: The high prevalence of Plasmodium species in NHPs highlights the potential for zoonotic malaria transmission in BUWS. Although no zoonotic cases were detected among humans, continuous surveillance of NHPs, mosquito vectors, and human populations is essential. Conservation efforts and public health initiatives should focus on mitigating the risks associated with increased human-primate interaction.https://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.11/No.1/3.pdfbuton utara wildlife sanctuaryindonesiamacaca brunnescensnon-human primatesplasmodium specieszoonotic malaria
spellingShingle Meyby Eka Putri Lempang
Dendi Hadi Permana
Puji Budi Setia Asih
Suradi Wangsamuda
Farahana Kresno Dewayanti
Ismail Ekoprayitno Rozi
Wuryantari Setiadi
Lepa Syahrani
Lucia Muslimin
Ratmawati Malaka
Din Syafruddin
Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humans
International Journal of One Health
buton utara wildlife sanctuary
indonesia
macaca brunnescens
non-human primates
plasmodium species
zoonotic malaria
title Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humans
title_full Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humans
title_fullStr Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humans
title_full_unstemmed Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humans
title_short Malaria infection of endemic primates in the Buton Utara Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia: Potential for transmission to humans
title_sort malaria infection of endemic primates in the buton utara wildlife sanctuary indonesia potential for transmission to humans
topic buton utara wildlife sanctuary
indonesia
macaca brunnescens
non-human primates
plasmodium species
zoonotic malaria
url https://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.11/No.1/3.pdf
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