Impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulation

Abstract Background In the context of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), the optimal timing and criteria for initiating kidney replacement therapy (KRT) remain unclear. This study aims to assess the effect of initiating KRT at various phosphatemia thresholds on Major Adverse Kidney Events at day 30 (MAKE30...

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Main Authors: Justine Serre, Guillaume Mulier, Charlotte Boud’hors, Marie Lemerle, Moustafa Abdel-Nabey, Corentin Orvain, Anis Chaba, Lucie Biard, Julien Demiselle, Lara Zafrani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Annals of Intensive Care
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01439-x
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author Justine Serre
Guillaume Mulier
Charlotte Boud’hors
Marie Lemerle
Moustafa Abdel-Nabey
Corentin Orvain
Anis Chaba
Lucie Biard
Julien Demiselle
Lara Zafrani
author_facet Justine Serre
Guillaume Mulier
Charlotte Boud’hors
Marie Lemerle
Moustafa Abdel-Nabey
Corentin Orvain
Anis Chaba
Lucie Biard
Julien Demiselle
Lara Zafrani
author_sort Justine Serre
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In the context of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), the optimal timing and criteria for initiating kidney replacement therapy (KRT) remain unclear. This study aims to assess the effect of initiating KRT at various phosphatemia thresholds on Major Adverse Kidney Events at day 30 (MAKE30). Methods and results We retrospectively emulated a pragmatic clinical trial comparing the effect of KRT initiation at various phosphatemia thresholds versus a conventional approach during TLS on MAKE30. All consecutive patients admitted to the ICU at Saint-Louis University hospital in Paris and Angers University hospital between January 2007 and June 2020, presenting with laboratory TLS were included. The design criteria of a clinical trial were mimicked by using the cloning, censoring and weighting method. The primary outcome was the MAKE30 composite outcome, considering only KRT requirement between day 7 and day 30 for the dialysis criteria. We evaluated multiple phosphatemia thresholds to guide KRT initiation, ranging from 6.20 mg.dL-1 to 9.30 mg.dL-1. Among the initial population of 220 patients, 192 were included in the emulated trial (median age 60 years old, with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Acute Leukemia being the most frequent hematological malignancies). TLS-related AKI occurred in 140 patients, and 75 patients met the criteria for MAKE30. Regardless of the phosphate threshold considered, KRT initiation based on phosphate level was not associated with a significant difference in the MAKE30 rate. KRT requirement during the first 7 days (Odd Ratio [OR] 4.01 [1.65–4.86], p = 0.003) and non-renal SOFA (OR 1.39 per 1 point increment [1.25–1.57], p < 0.001) were identified as factors associated with MAKE30 (multivariable analysis). Conclusion Our results do not support the strategy of KRT initiation based on a sole critical phosphatemia level in TLS patients.
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spelling doaj-art-5cdcd821ee6e4b2686c25a4c084896162025-08-20T03:04:53ZengSpringerOpenAnnals of Intensive Care2110-58202025-04-0115111010.1186/s13613-025-01439-xImpact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulationJustine Serre0Guillaume Mulier1Charlotte Boud’hors2Marie Lemerle3Moustafa Abdel-Nabey4Corentin Orvain5Anis Chaba6Lucie Biard7Julien Demiselle8Lara Zafrani9Department of Medical Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HPDepartment of Biostatistics and Medical Information, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris CitéDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, CHU AngersDepartment of Medical Intensive Care, CHU AngersDepartment of Medical Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HPDepartment of Hematology, CHU AngersDepartment of Medical Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HPDepartment of Biostatistics and Medical Information, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris CitéDepartment of Medical Intensive Care, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg University HospitalDepartment of Medical Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HPAbstract Background In the context of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), the optimal timing and criteria for initiating kidney replacement therapy (KRT) remain unclear. This study aims to assess the effect of initiating KRT at various phosphatemia thresholds on Major Adverse Kidney Events at day 30 (MAKE30). Methods and results We retrospectively emulated a pragmatic clinical trial comparing the effect of KRT initiation at various phosphatemia thresholds versus a conventional approach during TLS on MAKE30. All consecutive patients admitted to the ICU at Saint-Louis University hospital in Paris and Angers University hospital between January 2007 and June 2020, presenting with laboratory TLS were included. The design criteria of a clinical trial were mimicked by using the cloning, censoring and weighting method. The primary outcome was the MAKE30 composite outcome, considering only KRT requirement between day 7 and day 30 for the dialysis criteria. We evaluated multiple phosphatemia thresholds to guide KRT initiation, ranging from 6.20 mg.dL-1 to 9.30 mg.dL-1. Among the initial population of 220 patients, 192 were included in the emulated trial (median age 60 years old, with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Acute Leukemia being the most frequent hematological malignancies). TLS-related AKI occurred in 140 patients, and 75 patients met the criteria for MAKE30. Regardless of the phosphate threshold considered, KRT initiation based on phosphate level was not associated with a significant difference in the MAKE30 rate. KRT requirement during the first 7 days (Odd Ratio [OR] 4.01 [1.65–4.86], p = 0.003) and non-renal SOFA (OR 1.39 per 1 point increment [1.25–1.57], p < 0.001) were identified as factors associated with MAKE30 (multivariable analysis). Conclusion Our results do not support the strategy of KRT initiation based on a sole critical phosphatemia level in TLS patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01439-xTumor lysis syndromeAcute kidney injuryKidney replacement therapy
spellingShingle Justine Serre
Guillaume Mulier
Charlotte Boud’hors
Marie Lemerle
Moustafa Abdel-Nabey
Corentin Orvain
Anis Chaba
Lucie Biard
Julien Demiselle
Lara Zafrani
Impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulation
Annals of Intensive Care
Tumor lysis syndrome
Acute kidney injury
Kidney replacement therapy
title Impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulation
title_full Impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulation
title_fullStr Impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulation
title_full_unstemmed Impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulation
title_short Impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome: a target trial emulation
title_sort impact of early versus conventional kidney replacement therapy initiation in tumor lysis syndrome a target trial emulation
topic Tumor lysis syndrome
Acute kidney injury
Kidney replacement therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01439-x
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