On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland
Abstract Grabens, or valleys formed during extensional tectonic events, are common but rarely observed during formation. In November 2023, inelastic surface deformation formed abruptly along Iceland's plate boundary in Grindavík. We documented graben formation in real‐time through satellite map...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110150 |
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| author | Gregory P. DePascale Tomáš J. Fischer William Michael Moreland Halldór Geirsson Pavla Hrubcová Vincent Drouin Danielle Forester Méline Payet‐‐Clerc Diana Brum daSilveira Josef Vlček Benedikt G. Ófeigsson Ármann Höskuldsson Helga Kristín Torfadóttir Iðunn Kara Valdimarsdóttir Birta Dís Jónsdóttir Blöndal Ingibjörg Jónsdóttir Sigurjón Jónsson Thor Thordarson |
| author_facet | Gregory P. DePascale Tomáš J. Fischer William Michael Moreland Halldór Geirsson Pavla Hrubcová Vincent Drouin Danielle Forester Méline Payet‐‐Clerc Diana Brum daSilveira Josef Vlček Benedikt G. Ófeigsson Ármann Höskuldsson Helga Kristín Torfadóttir Iðunn Kara Valdimarsdóttir Birta Dís Jónsdóttir Blöndal Ingibjörg Jónsdóttir Sigurjón Jónsson Thor Thordarson |
| author_sort | Gregory P. DePascale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Grabens, or valleys formed during extensional tectonic events, are common but rarely observed during formation. In November 2023, inelastic surface deformation formed abruptly along Iceland's plate boundary in Grindavík. We documented graben formation in real‐time through satellite mapping (InSAR), seismicity, GNSS data, repeated lidar surveys, and field mapping. Five normal faults and ∼12 fissures ruptured the surface delineating two grabens separated by a horst, a context not present in other contemporary case studies. The graben normal faults slipped rapidly (over hours) and maximum surface motions coincided with the occurrence of turbulent seismic swarms in both space and time. Although 3 eruptions took place ∼15 km northeast of Grindavík from 2021 to 2023, attributed to magma intrusions (i.e., dikes), none of these also formed grabens. Thus, the Grindavík grabens shows evidence for tectonic origins. Real‐time monitoring of these phenomena provide insight into graben formation on Earth and potentially on other planets. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5cda169356be4b4bb8975b3c34e32db2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-5cda169356be4b4bb8975b3c34e32db22025-08-20T03:49:46ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-07-015114n/an/a10.1029/2024GL110150On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, IcelandGregory P. DePascale0Tomáš J. Fischer1William Michael Moreland2Halldór Geirsson3Pavla Hrubcová4Vincent Drouin5Danielle Forester6Méline Payet‐‐Clerc7Diana Brum daSilveira8Josef Vlček9Benedikt G. Ófeigsson10Ármann Höskuldsson11Helga Kristín Torfadóttir12Iðunn Kara Valdimarsdóttir13Birta Dís Jónsdóttir Blöndal14Ingibjörg Jónsdóttir15Sigurjón Jónsson16Thor Thordarson17Faculty of Earth Sciences Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Science Charles University Prague CzechiaFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandInstitute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandInstitute of Geophysics Czech Academy of Sciences Prague CzechiaIcelandic Meteorological Office Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Science Charles University Prague CzechiaIcelandic Meteorological Office Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandPhysical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik IcelandAbstract Grabens, or valleys formed during extensional tectonic events, are common but rarely observed during formation. In November 2023, inelastic surface deformation formed abruptly along Iceland's plate boundary in Grindavík. We documented graben formation in real‐time through satellite mapping (InSAR), seismicity, GNSS data, repeated lidar surveys, and field mapping. Five normal faults and ∼12 fissures ruptured the surface delineating two grabens separated by a horst, a context not present in other contemporary case studies. The graben normal faults slipped rapidly (over hours) and maximum surface motions coincided with the occurrence of turbulent seismic swarms in both space and time. Although 3 eruptions took place ∼15 km northeast of Grindavík from 2021 to 2023, attributed to magma intrusions (i.e., dikes), none of these also formed grabens. Thus, the Grindavík grabens shows evidence for tectonic origins. Real‐time monitoring of these phenomena provide insight into graben formation on Earth and potentially on other planets.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110150Icelandgraben formationplate boundarytectonicsreykjanes peninsulaearthquakes |
| spellingShingle | Gregory P. DePascale Tomáš J. Fischer William Michael Moreland Halldór Geirsson Pavla Hrubcová Vincent Drouin Danielle Forester Méline Payet‐‐Clerc Diana Brum daSilveira Josef Vlček Benedikt G. Ófeigsson Ármann Höskuldsson Helga Kristín Torfadóttir Iðunn Kara Valdimarsdóttir Birta Dís Jónsdóttir Blöndal Ingibjörg Jónsdóttir Sigurjón Jónsson Thor Thordarson On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland Geophysical Research Letters Iceland graben formation plate boundary tectonics reykjanes peninsula earthquakes |
| title | On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland |
| title_full | On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland |
| title_fullStr | On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland |
| title_short | On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland |
| title_sort | on the move 2023 observations on real time graben formation grindavik iceland |
| topic | Iceland graben formation plate boundary tectonics reykjanes peninsula earthquakes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110150 |
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