Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland

Abstract Introduction Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare extranodal malignancy accounting for less than 5% of thyroid cancer, with a unique algorithm of management in contrast to other types of thyroid cancer, where surgery is the cornerstone of management. PTL usually shows female predominanc...

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Main Authors: Omar Hamdy, Gehad A. Saleh, Ramadan Ayman Selim, Radwa M. Abdelsattar, Maryam M. Dawood, Youssef Y. Abbas, Rana Abdo, Yousef M. Mansour, Jana M. AbuZahra, Mohamed Elsayed, Ahmed E. Eladl, Shaimaa El-Ashwah, Mohamed Ezat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03218-3
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author Omar Hamdy
Gehad A. Saleh
Ramadan Ayman Selim
Radwa M. Abdelsattar
Maryam M. Dawood
Youssef Y. Abbas
Rana Abdo
Yousef M. Mansour
Jana M. AbuZahra
Mohamed Elsayed
Ahmed E. Eladl
Shaimaa El-Ashwah
Mohamed Ezat
author_facet Omar Hamdy
Gehad A. Saleh
Ramadan Ayman Selim
Radwa M. Abdelsattar
Maryam M. Dawood
Youssef Y. Abbas
Rana Abdo
Yousef M. Mansour
Jana M. AbuZahra
Mohamed Elsayed
Ahmed E. Eladl
Shaimaa El-Ashwah
Mohamed Ezat
author_sort Omar Hamdy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare extranodal malignancy accounting for less than 5% of thyroid cancer, with a unique algorithm of management in contrast to other types of thyroid cancer, where surgery is the cornerstone of management. PTL usually shows female predominance, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent pathological subtype. In this study, we aimed to assess thyroid lymphoma’s epidemiology, patterns of relapse, diagnostic approaches, and prognostic features, presenting a 16.5-year experience at a tertiary referral oncology center. Methods This retrospective study assessed PTL patients managed between January 2008 and June 2024 at a tertiary referral center. All the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up data were analyzed. Results Sixteen patients were included, with a mean age of 59.34 years and a female-to-male ratio of 1.7. Most cases (68.8%) were diagnosed at stage II, with DLBCL identified in 93.8% of patients. Remission was achieved in half of the patients after first-line therapy, with no cures following second-line treatments. All the patients who died were stage II at the time of diagnosis. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 35 months, and the overall survival (OS) was 37.5 months. Conclusion Being aware of PTL can facilitate the timely initiation of treatment. Chemotherapy is the definitive treatment, used alone or with surgery, if done for diagnostic purposes. PTL has a good prognosis, however, late-stage disease can be linked to worse outcomes. This study underscores the importance of multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies while highlighting the need for further research into this rare malignancy.
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spelling doaj-art-5cd442d5111d40ff9d17213dffe81f832025-08-20T03:06:50ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-08-0116111310.1007/s12672-025-03218-3Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid glandOmar Hamdy0Gehad A. Saleh1Ramadan Ayman Selim2Radwa M. Abdelsattar3Maryam M. Dawood4Youssef Y. Abbas5Rana Abdo6Yousef M. Mansour7Jana M. AbuZahra8Mohamed Elsayed9Ahmed E. Eladl10Shaimaa El-Ashwah11Mohamed Ezat12Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura UniversityDiagnostic and interventional radiology department, faculty of medicine, Mansoura UniversityMansoura University HospitalsMansoura University HospitalsMansoura University HospitalsFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityMansoura University HospitalsFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityEndocrinology and diabetes unit, Internal Medicine Department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityPathology department, faculty of medicine, Mansoura UniversityHematology unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura UniversitySurgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura UniversityAbstract Introduction Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare extranodal malignancy accounting for less than 5% of thyroid cancer, with a unique algorithm of management in contrast to other types of thyroid cancer, where surgery is the cornerstone of management. PTL usually shows female predominance, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent pathological subtype. In this study, we aimed to assess thyroid lymphoma’s epidemiology, patterns of relapse, diagnostic approaches, and prognostic features, presenting a 16.5-year experience at a tertiary referral oncology center. Methods This retrospective study assessed PTL patients managed between January 2008 and June 2024 at a tertiary referral center. All the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up data were analyzed. Results Sixteen patients were included, with a mean age of 59.34 years and a female-to-male ratio of 1.7. Most cases (68.8%) were diagnosed at stage II, with DLBCL identified in 93.8% of patients. Remission was achieved in half of the patients after first-line therapy, with no cures following second-line treatments. All the patients who died were stage II at the time of diagnosis. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 35 months, and the overall survival (OS) was 37.5 months. Conclusion Being aware of PTL can facilitate the timely initiation of treatment. Chemotherapy is the definitive treatment, used alone or with surgery, if done for diagnostic purposes. PTL has a good prognosis, however, late-stage disease can be linked to worse outcomes. This study underscores the importance of multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies while highlighting the need for further research into this rare malignancy.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03218-3Thyroid lymphomaChemotherapyThyroid tumorsThyroidectomy
spellingShingle Omar Hamdy
Gehad A. Saleh
Ramadan Ayman Selim
Radwa M. Abdelsattar
Maryam M. Dawood
Youssef Y. Abbas
Rana Abdo
Yousef M. Mansour
Jana M. AbuZahra
Mohamed Elsayed
Ahmed E. Eladl
Shaimaa El-Ashwah
Mohamed Ezat
Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland
Discover Oncology
Thyroid lymphoma
Chemotherapy
Thyroid tumors
Thyroidectomy
title Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland
title_full Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland
title_fullStr Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland
title_full_unstemmed Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland
title_short Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland
title_sort diagnosis and treatment outcomes of primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland
topic Thyroid lymphoma
Chemotherapy
Thyroid tumors
Thyroidectomy
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03218-3
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